Predictors of Gaming Disorder or Protective from It, in a French Sample

A Symptomatic Approach to Self-Regulation and Pursued Rewards, Providing Insights for Clinical Practice

Dados Bibliográficos

ID15467355
AutoresSophia Achab (0000-0002-3861-3297, University of Geneva, autor correspondente), Stéphane Rothen (0000-0003-3891-277X, Research Centre for Statistics, Faculty of Economy and Management, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland), Julie Giustiniani (0000-0003-0208-6306, Inserm), Magali Nicolier (0000-0001-5135-5109, Inserm), Elizabeth Franc (University of Geneva), Daniele Zullino (0000-0003-2468-8965, University of Geneva), Frédéric Mauny (0000-0002-8512-2693, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Emmanuel Haffen (0000-0002-4091-518X, Inserm)
Ano2022
Volume19
Fascículo15
Páginas9476-9476
Data de publicação2022-08-02
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
EditoraMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph19159476
PMID35954855
OpenAlexW4289518493
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas1
Referências citadas66

Gaming disorder (GD) is a new health condition still requiring a lot of evidence established around its underlying and related psychological mechanisms. In our study we focused on Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs), a specific very popular and engaging game genre, to determine that benefit, motivation and control aspects could be predictive of a dysfunctional engagement in gaming. In total, 313 participants were recruited from private forums of gamers between May 2009 and March 2010. They filled out a questionnaire on their socio-demographic data and their weekly gaming time. They also completed different psychometric assessments such as the DSM IV-TR criteria for substance dependence adapted to gaming such as the Dependence Adapted Scale (DAS), the external rewards they expected from gaming (External Motives), the expected internal reward they expected from gaming (Internal Motives), the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale (ZSSS), and the Barratt impulsiveness Scale (BIS-10). Results showed that some psychological factors related to online gaming represented risk factors for GD in participants (i.e., competition and advancement motives, reduced anxiety, solace, greater personal satisfaction, and sense of power), whereas some others were found to be protective factors from GD (i.e., recreation, enjoyment and experience seeking) in participants. Additionally, the study found that disinhibition, boredom susceptibility, thrill and adventure seeking, and high impulsivity were correlated to GD in participants. In conclusion, not only motives for gaming and impulsivity could be predictors for GD, but maladaptive coping strategies based on experienced relief in-game from negative feelings (anxiety and boredom) or experienced improvement in-game of self-perception (personal satisfaction, sense of power) could play as well a role of negative reinforcers for GD. Some benefits from gaming, typically entertainment and enjoyment, are shown to be protective factors from GD, playing the role of positive reinforcing factors. They are worthy of being identified and promoted as functional gaming habits. These findings can feed the clinical and health promotion fields, with a more in-depth understanding of diverse psychological factors in gamers, identifying those at risk for GD and those protective from it. The current work can foster a more balanced approach towards gaming activities, taking their opportunities for mankind and controlling for their adverse effects in some individuals

Anxiety · Barratt Impulsiveness Scale · Boredom · Computer-assisted web interviewing · Dysfunctional family · Feeling · Impulsivity · Personality · Psychiatry · Sensation Seeking · Clinical Psychology · Digital Games and Media · Gambling Behavior and Treatments · Impact of Technology on Adolescents · Psychology · Social Psychology