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Mental Health during Covid-19 Pandemic among Caregivers of Young Children in Kenya’s Urban Informal Settlements. A Cross-Sectional Telephone Survey

Bibliographic Data

ID15470980
AuthorsVibian Angwenyi (0000-0002-7554-6265, Aga Khan University Nairobi, corresponding author), Margaret Kabue (0000-0002-1138-3030, Aga Khan University Nairobi), Esther Chongwo (0000-0002-5091-2361, Aga Khan University Nairobi), Adam Mabrouk (0000-0002-4456-708X, Aga Khan University Nairobi), Ezra Too (0000-0003-3156-5787, Aga Khan University Nairobi), Rachel Odhiambo (0000-0002-7525-0659, Aga Khan University Nairobi), Carophine Nasambu (Kenya Medical Research Institute), Joyce Marangu (0000-0002-0287-5551, Aga Khan University Nairobi), Derrick Ssewanyana (0000-0003-1066-5674, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute), Eunice Njoroge (Aga Khan University Nairobi), Eunice Ombech (0000-0003-0379-9906, Aga Khan University Nairobi), Mercy Moraa Mokaya (Aga Khan University Nairobi), Emmanuel Kepha Obulemire (0000-0002-2249-4342, Aga Khan University Nairobi), Anil Khamis (Aga Khan University Nairobi), A Abubakar (0000-0002-3686-7904, Kenya Medical Research Institute)
Year2021
Volume18
Issue19
Pages10092-10092
Publication date2021-09-25
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph181910092
PMID34639394
OpenAlexW3203632203
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited37

The emergence of COVID-19 has profoundly affected mental health, especially among highly vulnerable populations. This study describes mental health issues among caregivers of young children and pregnant women in three urban informal settlements in Kenya during the first pandemic year, and factors associated with poor mental health. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 845 participants. Survey instruments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, and questions on the perceived COVID-19 effects on caregiver wellbeing and livelihood. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and univariate and multivariate analysis. Caregivers perceived COVID-19 as a threatening condition (94.54%), affecting employment and income activities (>80%). Caregivers experienced discrimination (15.27%) and violence (12.6%) during the pandemic. Levels of depression (34%), general anxiety (20%), and COVID-19 related anxiety (14%) were highly prevalent. There were significant associations between mental health outcomes and economic and socio-demographic factors, violence and discrimination experiences, residency, and perceptions of COVID-19 as a threatening condition. Caregivers high burden of mental health problems highlights the urgent need to provide accessible mental health support. Innovative and multi-sectoral approaches will be required to maximize reach to underserved communities in informal settlements and tackle the root causes of mental health problems in this population

Anxiety · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 · Cross-sectional study · Disease · Environmental health · Mental health · Pandemic · Population · Psychiatry · COVID-19 and Mental Health · COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction · Medicine · Migration, Health and Trauma · Psychology

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Unique citing works5
Citations per year2,5
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 5

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