Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals and Associated Health Risk Assessment in Buffalo Milk
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15478183 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Aqsa Rafiq (COMSATS University Islamabad), Munir H Shah (0000-0003-4445-4293, Quaid-i-Azam University), Mohamed Mohany (0000-0001-7709-5253, King Saud University), Adnan Ahmad Tahir (0000-0002-6679-1197, COMSATS University Islamabad), Mohamed Farouk Elsadek (0000-0001-5955-7311, King Saud University), Muhammad Abdul Qayyum (0000-0001-6910-1609, University of Okara), Arshad Mehmood Abbasi (0000-0001-9978-3866, COMSATS University Islamabad, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue | 22 |
| Pages | 14678-14678 |
| Publication date | 2022-11-09 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph192214678 |
| PMID | 36429397 |
| OpenAlex | W4308652068 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 53 |
The contamination of toxic trace metals in the food chain is one of the major threats to human health. Milk is part of a balanced diet, which is essential for proper growth, but the ingestion of contaminated milk may cause chronic health disorders. The present study is focused on the assessment of contamination of toxic trace metals in buffalo milk and the associated health risks to the consumers of Abbottabad, Pakistan. Standard analytical methods were employed to quantify the metal contents in the milk samples collected from various shops and homes in the months from June 2021 to October 2021. Health risk assessment was accomplished by computing estimated daily intake (EDI), health risk index (HRI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR). On a comparative basis, the mean concentration of Cr was found to be highest in both shop and home milk samples (101.3 ± 45.33 and 54.11 ± 24.20 mg/L, respectively), followed by Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd levels. In buffalo milk collected from homes, the highest concentration of the metals was found in October, followed by July, September, June, and August. In shop milk, the increasing trend of metal contents was July > October > September > June > August. Significantly strong positive relationships were noted between the metal concentrations in the milk samples. Multivariate cluster analysis and principal component analysis exhibited significant anthropogenic contributions of the metals in buffalo milk. Mostly, the EDI and HRI values were exceeding the recommended limits; however, THQ, HI, and TCR showed that the intake of these metals through milk consumption was within the safe limit and thus revealed no significant carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks to the consumers. It is high time to ensure the continuous monitoring of organic/inorganic toxins in the milk and concerned authorities should take strict measures to control the contamination of milk and other food products
Computer security · Environmental health · Health risk · Health risk assessment · Heavy metals · Risk assessment · Chemistry · Chromium effects and bioremediation · Computer Science · Environmental Science · Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity · Heavy metals in environment · Medicine · Environmental Chemistry
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |