Quantitative Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution in Groundwater from Mankweng in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15504858 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe (0000-0001-8593-8986, University of Limpopo, corresponding author), Nelisiwe Mavingo (University of Limpopo), Tlou Nelson Selepe (University of Limpopo), Peter Masoko (0000-0002-8076-083X, University of Limpopo), Frederick Mokibelo Mashao (0000-0003-4621-8702, University of Limpopo), Neville Nyamutswa (Capricorn District Municipality, P.O. Box 4100, Polokwane 0727, South Africa) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 11 |
| Pages | 1489-1489 |
| Publication date | 2024-11-09 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph21111489 |
| PMID | 39595756 |
| OpenAlex | W4404249222 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 59 |
Heavy metal and microbial pollution in groundwater raises health concerns due to its adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the health risks associated with heavy metal and bacterial pollution in groundwater in Mankweng. Heavy metals and Escherichia coli were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry and a Colilert system, respectively. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were computed. The β-Poisson dose-response model was employed to predict the probability of E. coli infection. The metals' concentrations were all within the permissible limits of the South African National Standard (SANS). However, Pb levels at sites E and G exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (≤0.01 mg/L). HPI values were all less than 100, indicative of low contamination. The hazard quotient values were all less than 1, except for vanadium. The cumulative cancer risk ranged between 3.06 × 10 -5 and 1.81 × 10 -4 and between 3.55 × 10 -5 and 2.20 × 10 -4 for adults and children, respectively. E. coli was only detected at site L. The annual risk of E. coli infection exceeded the WHO risk limit of 10 -4 . The results underscore the need for the regular monitoring of groundwater
Biology · Environmental health · Environmental planning · Environmental protection · Geography · Groundwater · Heavy metals · Human health · Water resource management · Environmental and Social Impact Assessments · Environmental Science · Heavy metals in environment · Medicine · Radioactivity and Radon Measurements · Ecology · Environmental Chemistry · Geology · Pollution
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| Highly cited | No |
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