Assessing Drinking Water Quality at the Point of Collection and within Household Storage Containers in the Hilly Rural Areas of Mid and Far-Western Nepal
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15513842 |
|---|---|
| Authors | D Daniel (0000-0002-2664-2517, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, corresponding author), Arnt Diener (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology), Jack van de Vossenberg (0000-0003-4497-6155, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education), Madan Raj Bhatta, Sara Marks (0000-0003-0566-3041, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 2172-2172 |
| Publication date | 2020-03-25 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph17072172 |
| PMID | 32218157 |
| OpenAlex | W3013298543 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 5 |
| References cited | 10 |
Accurate assessments of drinking water quality, household hygenic practices, and the mindset of the consumers are critical for developing effective water intervention strategies. This paper presents a microbial quality assessment of 512 samples from household water storage containers and 167 samples from points of collection (POC) in remote rural communities in the hilly area of western Nepal. We found that 81% of the stored drinking water samples (mean log 10 of all samples = 1.16 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 mL, standard deviation (SD) = 0.84) and 68% of the POC samples (mean log 10 of all samples = 0.57 CFU/100 mL, SD = 0.86) had detectable E. coli . The quality of stored water was significantly correlated with the quality at the POC, with the majority (63%) of paired samples showing a deterioration in quality post-collection. Locally applied household water treatment (HWT) methods did not effectively improve microbial water quality. Among all household sanitary inspection questions, only the presence of livestock near the water storage container was significantly correlated with its microbial contamination. Households' perceptions of their drinking water quality were mostly influenced by the water's visual appearance, and these perceptions in general motivated their use of HWT. Improving water quality within the distribution network and promoting safer water handling practices are proposed to reduce the health risk due to consumption of contaminated water in this setting
Biology · Environmental health · Water quality · Water storage · Water supply · Child Nutrition and Water Access · Engineering · Environmental Science · Fecal contamination and water quality · Medicine · Water Governance and Infrastructure · Ecology · Environmental Engineering · Toxicology
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| Citations per year | 0.83 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2020 - 2026 (7) |
| Highly cited | No |