Design and Validation of the Scale to Measure Aquatic Competence in Children (SMACC)
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15515327 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Juan Antônio Moreno Murcia (0000-0002-6912-4859, Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx, corresponding author), Luciane De Paula Borges (Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx), Elisa Huéscar Hernández (0000-0002-6964-7326, Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 17 |
| Pages | 6188-6188 |
| Publication date | 2020-08-26 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph17176188 |
| PMID | 32858995 |
| OpenAlex | W3081388805 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 6 |
| References cited | 8 |
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to design and analyze the validity of the SMACC (Scale to Measure Aquatic Competence in Children) to evaluate aquatic competence in three- to six-year-old children. In addition, the relation between real competence obtained with the SMACC and perceived aquatic competence was verified as well as its differences according to sex and age. (2) Methods: Content validation was performed through the consensus of nine experts using the Delphi technique, and comprehension validity was determined through a pilot study on a sample of 122 children. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed with two independent samples of 384 and 444 school children between three and six years old, respectively. (3) Results: After the pertinent adjustments, the final questionnaire comprised 17 items, which showed a good fit for both comprehension and content validity. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory analyses support the use of three dimensions in aquatic competence: motor, socio-affective, and cognitive. The correlations support construct validity showing a positive relation with perceived aquatic competence. (4) Conclusions: These promising validity data are discussed from a global and integrative perspective in relation to the improvement of children's development in the aquatic environment during the early stages of their lives
Competence (human resources · Comprehension · Confirmatory factor analysis · Construct validity · Content validity · Convergent validity · Delphi method · Developmental psychology · Exploratory factor analysis · Internal consistency · Psychometrics · Statistics · Structural equation modeling · Children's Physical and Motor Development · Computer Science · Delphi Technique in Research · Injury Epidemiology and Prevention · Mathematics · Psychology · Social Psychology
Fear of the Aquatic Environment in Learning Swimming
The Inter-Rater and Intra-Rater Reliability of the Actual Aquatic Skills Test (Aast) for Assessing Young Children’s Motor Competence in the Water
Aquatic Physical Literacy
Swimming competence of 9–10-year-old Norwegian primary school children
Face and Content Validity of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence in Young Children
Can Guided Discovery Instruction Be Detrimental to Children with Different Levels of Aquatic Competence in Infancy
| Unique citing works | 6 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,2 |
| Citation span | 2021 - 2025 (5) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 6 |