Mental health across two years of the Covid-19 pandemic
A 5-wave longitudinal study in Germany
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15519622 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Maxi Weber (0000-0001-9178-6747, Freie Universität Berlin, corresponding author), Sebastian Burchert (0000-0003-3126-5485, Freie Universität Berlin), Marit Sijbrandij (0000-0001-5430-9810, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Martina Patanè (0000-0001-8093-8530, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Irene Pinucci (0000-0002-2861-7294, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Babette Renneberg (0000-0003-2177-3566, Freie Universität Berlin), Christine Knaevelsrud (0000-0003-1342-7006, Freie Universität Berlin), Sarah Schumacher (0000-0002-6955-3493, Freie Universität Berlin) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | 14 |
| Pages | 1229700-1229700 |
| Publication date | 2023-08-08 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Psychiatry (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1664-0640 • E-ISSN: 1664-0640 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1229700 |
| PMID | 37614651 |
| OpenAlex | W4385660926 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 4 |
| References cited | 22 |
The COVID-19 pandemic has been negatively associated with mental health. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics of mental health in the longer term of the pandemic. We aimed to investigate symptom levels and changes of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and loneliness spanning two years of the pandemic; and to examine associated risk factors. This five-wave, longitudinal online study from May 2020 to April 2022 included 636 adults (M age = 39.5 years, SD = 16.11; 84.1% female) from the German general population who completed the international COVID-19 Mental Health Survey. Symptoms of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), posttraumatic stress (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5), and loneliness (" Do you feel lonely?" ) were assessed using mixed-effects models. Associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms were examined with having children, student status, financial worries, contamination fear, and loneliness. PHQ-9, GAD-7, PCL-5, and loneliness scores overall decreased throughout the two-year period of the pandemic but exhibited an increase during two national lockdowns. Controlled for significant associations with female gender and younger age, increased PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were associated with contamination fear, financial worries, and loneliness. No associations were found with having children and student status. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and loneliness decreased over time but varied along with the dynamics of the pandemic. Longitudinal monitoring of mental health in vulnerable subgroups is required, especially those of younger age, females, and the financially insecure
Anxiety · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 · Depression (economics · Depressive symptoms · Environmental health · Generalized anxiety disorder · Loneliness · Longitudinal study · Mental health · Pandemic · Patient Health Questionnaire · Population · Psychiatry · Social isolation · Clinical Psychology · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Health disparities and outcomes · Medicine · Psychology · Resilience and Mental Health
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis
Standardization of the depression screener Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population
Random-Effects Models for Longitudinal Data
Families in the Covid-19 pandemic
Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives
Twelve Frequently Asked Questions About Growth Curve Modeling
Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to Covid-19 in England
How Covid-19 shaped mental health
Mental health before and during the Covid-19 pandemic
An interactive web-based dashboard to track Covid-19 in real time
Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement
Loneliness Matters
The PHQ-9
Loneliness During a Nationwide Lockdown and the Moderating Effect of Extroversion
Mental Health and Loneliness in University Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Germany
Impact of Longitudinal Social Support and Loneliness Trajectories on Mental Health during the Covid-19 Pandemic in France
How Has Covid-19 Affected Mental Health and Lifestyle Behaviors after 2 Years? The Third Step of a Longitudinal Study of Italian Citizens
Validation and Standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the General Population
A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker)
| Unique citing works | 4 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1.33 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2026 (4) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 4 |