Translating the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes into national measures in nine countries
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15535629 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Isabelle Michaud‐Létourneau (0000-0003-2969-2779, Université de Sherbrooke, corresponding author), Marion Gayard (Université de Sherbrooke), David Pelletier (0000-0003-0134-6460, Cornell University) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | S2 |
| Pages | e12730-e12730 |
| Publication date | 2019-02-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Maternal and Child Nutrition (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1740-8695 • E-ISSN: 1740-8709 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/mcn.12730 |
| PMID | 30793543 |
| OpenAlex | W2915439710 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 16 |
| References cited | 21 |
The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1981 and regularly updated through subsequent WHA resolutions, represents the international policy framework for protecting breastfeeding against inappropriate marketing practices. By March 2016, at least 135 countries had some measures covering provisions of the Code in their legislation. The translation of the International Code into national measures was investigated in the context of the advocacy efforts undertaken by the Alive & Thrive (A&T) initiative with UNICEF and partners. A real-time evaluation was carried out over 22 months in seven Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic [Lao PDR], Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Timor-Leste) and two African countries (Burkina Faso and Ethiopia). Drivers of policy change and progress were examined. Two theory-based approaches were used: developmental evaluation and contribution analysis. Data collection methods included participant observation, key informant meetings, in-depth interviews, reflective practice, and desk review. Overall, countries made significant progress in translating the International Code into national measures and in moving forward throughout the policy cycle. The main driver of policy change was the creation of a strategic group, which engaged key relevant actors and supported the government in the performance of 15 critical tasks, which the analysis reveals is a second driver. Those critical tasks are described in this paper and could help public health advocates to anticipate the stages and challenges of policy change and develop more effective strategies to translate the Code into their legal framework
Code (set theory · Programming language · Breastfeeding Practices and Influences · Medicine · Marketing
Legislation on marketing of breast-milk substitutes in digital and social media
Generating political priority for breastfeeding and the adoption of Kenya’s 2012 BMS act
Enhancing governance and strengthening advocacy for policy change of large Collective Impact initiatives
The characteristics of formula milk marketing on health system
Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
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Complementary feeding and food‐group level inequality among Ethiopian children 6–23 months of age (2011–2019)
First‐food systems transformations and the ultra‐processing of infant and young child diets
Violations of International Code of Breast‐milk Substitutes (BMS) in commercial settings and media in Bangladesh
Real‐time evaluation can inform global and regional efforts to improve breastfeeding policies and programmes
National nutrition strategies that focus on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in Southeast Asia do not consistently align with regional and international recommendations
Contribution of the A live & T hrive– Unicef advocacy efforts to improve infant and young child feeding policies in Southeast Asia
Translating the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes into national measures in nine countries
The idealisation of bottle feeding
The effect of the implementation of the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes on child mortality in Ghana and Tanzania
Mothers’ perceptions of marketing elements on infant formula packages
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Cross‐sectional survey shows that follow‐up formula and growing‐up milks are labelled similarly to infant formula in four low and middle income countries
Contribution of the A live & T hrive– Unicef advocacy efforts to improve infant and young child feeding policies in Southeast Asia
Translating the International Code of Marketing of Breast‐milk Substitutes into national measures in nine countries
Assessment of corporate compliance with guidance and regulations on labels of commercially produced complementary foods sold in Cambodia, Nepal, Senegal and Tanzania
Addressing Attribution through Contribution Analysis
Media audit reveals inappropriate promotion of products under the scope of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes in South-East Asia
Global trends and patterns of commercial milk-based formula sales
The terrain of health policy analysis in low and middle income countries
International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes
Contribution analysis
Qualitative Data Analysis
Is unimpeded marketing for breast milk substitutes responsible for the decline in breastfeeding in the Philippines? An exploratory survey and focus group analysis
| Unique citing works | 16 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,29 |
| Citation span | 2019 - 2026 (8) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 16 |