Racial-ethnic exposure disparities to airborne ultrafine particles in the United States
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 15547205 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Provat K Saha (0000-0002-4044-9350, Carnegie Mellon University), Albert A Presto (0000-0002-9156-1094, Carnegie Mellon University, corresponding author), Steve Hankey (0000-0002-7530-6077, Virginia Tech), Julian D Marshall (0000-0003-4087-1209, University of Washington), Allen L Robinson (0000-0002-1819-083X, Carnegie Mellon University) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Pages | 104047-104047 |
| Publication date | 2022-09-28 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Environmental Research Letters (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1748-9326 • E-ISSN: 1748-9326 |
| Publisher | IOP Publishing (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/ac95af |
| OpenAlex | W4297518742 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 29 |
Ultrafine particles (‘UFP’; <100 nm in diameter) are a subset of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ); they have different sources and spatial patterns. Toxicological studies suggest UFP may be more toxic per mass than PM 2.5 . Racial-ethnic exposure disparities for PM 2.5 are well documented; national exposure disparities for UFP remain unexplored due to a lack of national exposure estimates. Here, we combine high-spatial-resolution (census block level) national-scale estimates of long-term, ambient particle number concentrations (PNC; a measure of UFP) with publicly available demographic data (census block-group level) to investigate exposure disparities by race-ethnicity and income across the continental United States. PNC exposure for racial-ethnic minorities (Asian, Black, Hispanic) is 35% higher than the overall national mean. The magnitudes of exposure disparities vary spatially. Disparities are generally larger in densely populated metropolitan areas. The magnitudes of disparities are much larger for PNC than for PM 2.5 ; PM 2.5 exposure for racial-ethnic minorities is 9% higher than the overall national mean. Our analysis shows that PNC exposure disparities cannot be explained by differences in income. Whites of all incomes, including low-income Whites, have substantially lower average PNC exposures than people of color of all incomes. A higher proportion of traffic and other PNC sources are located near many minority communities. This means that the exposure disparities are structural and strongly tied to where certain subsets of the population live and that simply reducing PNC emissions nationwide will not reduce these disparities
Census · Environmental health · Ethnic group · Geography · Metropolitan area · Political science · Population · Air Quality and Health Impacts · Environmental Justice and Health Disparities · Medicine · Urban Transport and Accessibility · Demography
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| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2026 (4) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 2 |