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Kindness is lesser preferable than happiness

Investigating interest in different effects of the loving-kindness and compassion meditations

Bibliographic Data

ID15699014
AuthorsYanhe Deng (0000-0001-8909-9374, Capital Normal University, corresponding author), Taoyuan Du, X Zeng (0000-0002-4793-7146), Wen Wang (0000-0002-4944-859X)
Year2025
Volume13
Issue1
Pages443-443
Publication date2025-04-26
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueBMC Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2050-7283 • E-ISSN: 2050-7283
PublisherBioMed Central (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1186/s40359-025-02771-4
PMID40287761
OpenAlexW4409840172
LanguageEN
References cited43

The primary purpose of the Loving-kindness and Compassion Meditations (LKCM) in Buddhism was the cultivation of kindness, but many modern LKCM trainings focused on happiness, and even used the "kindness for happiness" strategy that advocate cultivation of kindness for the benefit of happiness. This study investigated whether cultivating kindness was lesser desired than enhancing happiness for potential trainees, and it impacts on LKCM training. Study 1 recruited 583 university students, study 2 involved 1075 participants from a 4-week online LKCM training. The measures included interest in meditation trainings that focused on emotional happiness, kind attitudes and other effects. Two studies cohesively supported kind attitudes were the least desired effects, and study 2 showed that higher interest in meditations on Subjective well-being predicted increases in personal happiness. In summary, this study provided first evidence that trainees' preference on potential effects of LKCM existed and linked with effects of training. It suggested the hedonic bias in modern positive psychology is facilitated by trainees, and encouraged further attention in the philosophical and ethical issues in the trainings. The intervention program has been retrospectively registered with the PRS on May 17, 2024, under registration number NCT06424951

Compassion · Happiness · Kindness · Psychoanalysis · Theology · Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being · Philosophy · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Social Psychology

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