Masculinity-femininity
An exception to a famous dictum
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4420146 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Anne Constantinople (Vassar College, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2005 |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 385-407 |
| Publication date | 2005-10-03 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Feminism & Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0959-3535 • E-ISSN: 1461-7161 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0959-353505057611 |
| PMID | 4147970 |
| OpenAlex | W2164961951 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 365 |
| References cited | 55 |
The major tests of masculinity-femininity (M-F) in adults are reviewed with special attention to the ways in which their construction and use reflect three untested assumptions about the nature of the M-F construct: (a) that it is best defined in terms of sex differences in item responses; (b) that it is a single bipolar dimension ranging from extreme masculinity at one end to extreme femininity at the other; and (c) that it is unidimensional in nature and can be adequately measured by a single score. Evidence which questions the validity of these assumptions and, therefore, of the tests of M-F is presented, with the conclusion that further theoretical and empirical work is necessary in all aspects of the problem
Construct (python library · Dimension (graph theory · Femininity · Masculinity · Psychoanalysis · Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology · Career Development and Diversity · Computer Science · Education Methods and Practices · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Mathematics · Psychology · Social Psychology
The methodologies in psychology of gender and health
Gauging Eve
Comparing self-categorisation approaches to measuring gender identity
Acting gender
Understanding the Magnitude of Psychological Differences Between Women and Men Requires Seeing the Forest and the Trees
Effects of opaque, weighted bottles on maternal sensitivity and infant intake
Varför överför vi traditionella könsrollsvärderingar till våra barn
The masculinity/femininity tests as psychological technologies for gender control
Perceived Similarity to Gender Groups Scale
Hard won and easily lost
Distinguished Scholar Article Rethinking Women's Sexual Orientation
Getting dirty
From genius inverts to gendered intelligence
No Taste for Rough-and-Tumble Play
Implicit Theories of Masculinity and Femininity
A developmental study of destereotyping and androgynous activity preferences of tomboys, nontomboys, and males
Patterns of self-disclosure in homosexual and heterosexual college students
Depression, gender, gender role traits, and the wish to be held
Feminine and masculine dimensions of the typical, desirable, and ideal woman and man
Sozialisationsbezogene Antezedensbedingungen von normativen Geschlechtsrollen- Orientierungen. Weitere Befunde zur GRO-Skala
Gendered paths to technology leadership
Apologetics and Androgyny
The psychological synthesis evaluated by the interactive model
Nonverbal cues to sex-role attitudes
Putting gender into context
Gender and power in organizations
Are women always less aggressive than men? A review of the experimental literature
Masculinity, femininity, androgyny, and cognitive performance
Some attitudinal barriers to occupational aspirations in women
Loneliness, social interaction, and sex roles
Gender diagnosticity
Sex role identity, peer evaluation of competition, and the responses of women and men in a competitive situation
Gender-related traits and gender ideology
Gender-related traits, stereotypes, and schemata
Sex role and cognitive schemata
Theories of sexual orientation
Sex differences in performance on ability tests as a function of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny
The nonverbal display of psychological androgyny
The multidimensional aspects of masculinity–femininity
Stereotypic and nonstereotypic sex role trait and behavior orientations
Masculine and feminine traits
Utility of the masculinity–femininity construct
Men and women are from Earth
Sex role expectations and ego level in relation to problem marriages
The traditional–liberated woman dimension
Sexual arousal and masculinity-femininity of women
The relationship between androgyny and subjective indicators of emotional well-being
Ratings of self and peers on sex role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity
Broverman et al. revisited
Gender characteristics and adjustment
Psychological masculinity and femininity and typical and maximal dominance expression in women
Relationships of MMPI Mf and CPI Fe scales of fourfold sex role classifications
Sex differences in the interpersonal behavior of married couples
Some methodological comments on labels, traits, interaction, and types in the study of "femininity" and "masculinity
A different perspective on androgyny
Masculinity, femininity, psychological androgyny, and the structure of values
The Structure of Sex-Role Attitudes in a French Student Population
Trajectories of Gender Role Orientations in Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Androgyny across the life span
Impact of parenthood on various aspects of masculinity and femininity
Effects of maternal employment on the child
Masculinity and Delinquency Revisited
The Masculinity-Femininity Hypothesis
From individual differences to social categories
The meaning of difference
The new male role
Measuring Gender Orientation with the Bem Sex Role Inventory in Chinese Culture
The Structure of Masculinity-Femininity
Femininity-Masculinity of Blacks and Whites over a Fourteen-Year Period
Psychometric Properties and Underlying Assumptions of Two Measures of Masculinity/Femininity
Gender Self-Concepts in the USA and Yugoslavia
Sex-Role Typing
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory Reexamined
Scaling the Construct Androgyny
Comparison of Factors from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory for Male and Female College Students
Social-Cohort Effect on Three Masculinity-Femininity Instruments and Self-Report
Psychology of Women and GenderThe authors acknowledge the contributions of Mary Crawford, Rachel T. Hare‐Mustin, and Ellen B. Kimmel, who were co‐authors of the chapter that appeared in the first edition of the volume.
Personality Measurement
The intrapsychics of gender
Measurement of masculine and feminine sex role identities as independent dimensions.
A multidimensional, hierarchical model of self-concept
Traditional Masculinity and Femininity
Gender Differences in Writing Motivation and Achievement of Middle School Students
Gender identity in childhood
The Role of Espoused National Cultural Values in Technology Acceptance1
Sex Roles and Social Skills Considerations for Interpersonal Adjustment
Sexism as construct in psychology. A review of theories and instruments
Sex differences in influenceability
Effect of Gender-Role Orientation of Primiparous Mothers on Their Cognitive Appraisals, Coping Strategies, and Mood Postpartum
Adolescent Bullying, Relationships, Psychological Well-Being, and Gender-Atypical Behavior
The Structure of Sexual Orientation and its Relation to Masculinity, Femininity, and Gender Diagnosticity
On the Gender-Typed Nature of Dominant and Submissive Acts
The Multicultural Masculinity Ideology Scale
Testing a Model of Socially Desirable and Undesirable Gender-Role Attributes
The Differences That Norms Make
Gender Roles and Sexual Behavior Among Young Women
Thirty Years After the Discovery of Gender
Network Knowledge Organization
Use of Social Support
Masculinity and Femininity in Contemporary American Society
Inner conflict and defense
Childhood and society
Toward a psychology of being.
Identifying Psychological Femininity
A Comparison of Four Masculinity-Femininity Scales
Subtle, Obvious and Stereotype Measures of Masculinity-Femininity
Sex-role stereotypes and self-concepts in college students
The Differential Evaluation of Males and Females
Sex-role development in a changing culture
Masculinity, Femininity, and Masculinity-Femininity
Contemporary Concepts of Masculinity and Femininity
Masculinity and Femininity
Conformity to Masculinity-Femininity Stereotypes and Ego Identity in Adolescents
Some Quantitative Results
Understanding Women
Correlational Study of the MMPI and GZTS
Masculinity and femininity in the elementary and junior high school years
A method for studying the development of gender identity
Sex Research. New Developments
Implications of Changes in Male-Female Role Expectations for Interpreting M-F Scores
| Unique citing works | 362 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 7,02 |
| Citation span | 1974 - 2026 (53) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 299 |