Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Applying Hybrid Coding and Reflexivity in Qualitative Content Analysis

An Exemplar

Bibliographic Data

ID15736733
AuthorsKunwar Kaur (0000-0002-7017-7245, Edith Cowan University, corresponding author), Ma'En Zaid Abu‐qamar (0000-0002-4436-651X, Mutah University), Ma’en Zaid Abu-Qamar (Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan), Amineh Rashidi (0000-0001-7355-5216, The University of Western Australia), Nilufeur McKay (0000-0003-4802-3941, Edith Cowan University), Rosemary Saunders (0000-0001-6213-4694, Edith Cowan University)
Year2025
Volume12
Pages23333936251395024-23333936251395024
Publication date2025-11-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueGlobal Qualitative Nursing Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2333-3936 • E-ISSN: 2333-3936
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/23333936251395024
PMID41283066
OpenAlexW4416401694
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited33

Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) is a widely used method in nursing research for analysing textual data. Numerous authors have provided comprehensive explanations of this approach, including step-by-step guidelines. The coding methods employed in QCA are typically categorised as deductive, inductive, or a combination of both, often referred to as the abductive or hybrid technique. However, the hybrid coding technique remains under-utilised within nursing research. Further, trustworthiness, a cornerstone of qualitative research, has been extensively discussed in the literature, with reflexivity identified as a key component of ensuring rigor and credibility. This paper presents an example from nursing research where a hybrid coding technique was applied to analyse data. The authors also detail the reflexive practices adopted by the first author, who shared a close cultural relationship with the participants and data. These practices were critical in addressing potential biases and ensuring the trustworthiness of the research. Overall, this paper provides insights into the practical application of hybrid coding within the QCA framework, contributing to a deeper understanding of its utility in nursing research

Coding (social sciences · Content analysis · Cornerstone · Data collection · Nursing research · Qualitative research · Reflexivity · Trustworthiness · Computational and Text Analysis Methods · Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research · Qualitative Research Methods and Applications

  • ‘I’m a figment of your imagination’

    Open Access•Sara Townsend, Brian Dodge et al.•Culture Health & Sexuality•2026

  • Inclusiveness of social participation for health reform

    Open Access•Shraddha Mishra, Neymat Chadha et al.•International Journal for Equity…•2026

  • A Qualitative Inquiry into Mindfulness Practices Among College Students in India and the United States

    Open Access•P Aggarwal, Blessing S Johnson et al.•Mindfulness•2026

  • Narratives About Covid Challenges in Mexican American Couples as Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction

    Open Access•Hollen N Reischer, Hayley C Fivecoat et al.•Family Process•2026

  • Experiences of family caregivers caring for cancer patients at home

    Open Access•Charmaine L Blanchard, Keletso Mmoledi et al.•SSM - Qualitative Research in…•2026

  • Qualitative Text Analysis

    Udo Kuckartz•Qualitative Text Analysis•2014

  • A Hybrid Approach to Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research

    Jon Swain•A Hybrid Approach to Thematic…•2018

  • Inductive content analysis

    Open Access•Danya F Vears, Lynn Gillam•Focus on Health Professional…•2022

  • Content Analysis

    Open Access•Nancy L Kondracki, Nancy S Wellman et al.•Journal of Nutrition Education…•2002

  • A hands-on guide to doing content analysis

    Open Access•Christen Erlingsson, Petra Brysiewicz•African Journal of Emergency…•2017

  • Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis

    Open Access•Ulla Hällgren Graneheim, Britt-Marie Lindgren et al.•Nurse Education Today•2017

  • Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis

    Open Access•Mojtaba Vaismoradi, Jacqueline Jones et al.•Journal of Nursing Education and…•2016

  • Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process

    Open Access•Britt-Marie Lindgren, Britt‐Marie Lindgren et al.•International Journal of Nursing…•2020

  • Qualitative Content Analysis

    Open Access•Jane Forman, Laura J Damschroder et al.•Empirical methods for bioethics•2007

  • Qualitative Text Analysis

    Open Access•Udo Kuckartz•Compendium for Early Career…•2019

  • Reflexivity in research

    Wesam B Darawsheh, Wesam Darawsheh•International Journal of Therapy…•2014

  • Reflexivity in quantitative research

    Open Access•Michelle Jamieson, Michelle K Jamieson et al.•Social and Personality Psychology…•2023

  • The qualitative content analysis process

    Open Access•Satu Elo, Helvi Kyngäs•Journal of Advanced Nursing•2008

  • How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis

    Open Access•Mariette Bengtsson•NursingPlus Open•2016

  • Qualitative content analysis in nursing research

    Open Access•Ulla Hällgren Graneheim, B Lundman•Nurse Education Today•2004

  • Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (Coreq)

    A Jaure, A Tong et al.•International Journal for Quality…•2007

  • Content Analysis

    Open Access•Doris Y L Leung, Doris Y Leung et al.•Handbook of Research Methods in…•2019

  • A practical guide to reflexivity in qualitative research

    Open Access•Francisco Manuel Olmos‐Vega, Renée E Stalmeijer et al.•Medical Teacher•2022

  • Examining prejudice reduction through solidarity and togetherness experiences among Gezi Park activists in Turkey

    Open Access•Yasemin Gülsüm Acar, Özden Melis Uluğ•Journal of Social and Political…•2016

  • One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis

    Braun, Victoria Clarke•Qualitative Research in Psychology•2020

  • Coding qualitative data

    Open Access•Mai Skjøtt Linneberg, Steffen Korsgaard•Qualitative Research Journal•2019

  • Reducing Confusion about Grounded Theory and Qualitative Content Analysis

    Open Access•Ji Young Cho, Ji Cho et al.•Qualitative Report•2014

  • Naturalistic inquiry

    Open Access•Yvonna S Lincoln, Egon G Guba et al.•International Journal of…•1985

  • Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis

    Open Access•Hsiu-Fang Hsieh, Sarah E Shannon•Qualitative Health Research•2005

  • A guideline to improve qualitative social science publishing in ecology and conservation journals

    Open Access•Katie Moon, Tom D Brewer et al.•Conservation Ecology•2016

  • Qualitative Content Analysis

    Open Access•Satu Elo, Maria Kääriäinen et al.•SAGE Open•2014

  • Reflexive Content Analysis

    Open Access•Mitchell Nicmanis•International Journal of…•2024

  • Applying Thematic Analysis to Education

    Open Access•W Xu, Katina Zammit•International Journal of…•2020

  • Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis

    Open Access•Jennifer Fereday, Eimear Muir-Cochrane•International Journal of…•2006

  • Theory Construction in Qualitative Research

    Open Access•Stefan Timmerman, Iddo Tavory•Sociological Theory•2012

  • Abductive Coding

    Open Access•Luis Vila‐henninger, Claire Dupuy et al.•Sociological Methods & Research•2024

Unique citing works5
Citations per year5
Citation span2026 - 2026 (1)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 3

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae