It Takes More Than a Little Parsley

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1. According to the US government's Small Business Administration, three out of ten businesses fail in their first two years, and half in the first five years (see its website, available at: http://www.sba.gov/advocacy/7495/8430, accessed 16 August 2011). And from 1992 to 2009, according to a calculation based on data from US Department's of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, on average 1.6 million businesses failed annually (for the data, see “Databases and Tools,” series IDs BDU0000000000000000120006LQ5 and BDU0000000000000000120006RQ5, US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, available at http://data.bls.gov/cgi‐bin/srgate, accessed 16 August 2011).2. Shenango China Inc., History of Shenango China, New Castle, PA: Shenango China Inc., 1985, 1–4.3. “Higgins and Barkby v. Shenango Pottery,” 279 F.2d 46 (Third Cir. App., 1960), 50–4, and “Pottery Share Sale Revealed,”New Castle News, 26 January 1960, 1.4. J. Baker to L.J. Walls, “Suggestion,” inter‐plant correspondence, 21 October 1983, Lawrence County Historical Society archives (hereafter referred to as LCHS), New Castle, Pennsylvania.5. “Stockholder Meeting Postponed,” AnchoScope 1, 1987, 1–7: 7 (at LCHS); Kenneth Tompkins, “Syracuse China Buys Competitor,”Syracuse Post‐Standard, 23 January 1988, D1.6. “Pottery ‘Phasing Out’ Operations During 1991,”New Castle News, 2 February 1991, 1; “Syracuse China to Close Plant in Pennsylvania, Move Jobs Here,”Syracuse Post Standard, 3 February 1991, D1.7. Pamela Walker Laird, Advertising Progress: American Business and the Rise of Consumer Marketing, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins UP, 1998, 2, 4–5.8. Regina Lee Blaszczyk, Imagining Consumers: Innovation and Design from Wedgewood to Corning, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins UP, 2000, 1–2.9. Blasczcyk, Imagining Consumers, 3, 9, 12–13.10. David Nye, Image Worlds: Corporate Identities at General Electric, 1890–1930, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985, 3–5, 123.11. Shenango China Inc., History of Shenango China, 2; Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Rodger Wearne Ramdell, The Practical Book of Chinaware, rev. ed., New York: J.B Lippincott Company, 1948, 305.12. See for example “Presenting Castleton China,” newspaper advertisement, Pittsburgh Press, 14 October 1940, 15; “If Beauty Tempts You,” newspaper advertisement, St. Joseph (MO) News‐Press, 9 March 1941, 2.13. Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, New York: Basic Books, 1988, 9–12, 15.14. “New Castleton Advertising Campaign Breaks in July,”Shenango Shenanigan, company newsletter, June 1954, 1–4: 4 (at LCHS).15. “Right Note in the Bridal Chorus,” newspaper advertisement, Denton Daily Record[Denton, Texas], 22 May 1952, section 2, page 3.16. Nye, Image Worlds, 132.17. “Beautiful Beginnings”[magazine advertisement], House Beautiful, September 1954, 77; “The Beautiful Things”[magazine advertisement], House Beautiful, May 1955, 76.18. “American Potters Increasing Output,”New York Times, 16 November 1946, 16.19. Edgar Kaufman, Jr, “The Department of Industrial Design,” The Bulletin of the Museum of Modern Art 1, 1946, 2–14: 6.20. Lucie Young, Eva Zeisel: Compact Design Portfolio, eds Marisa Bartolucci and Raul Cabra, San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 2003, 16–18.21. Kaufman, “The Department of Industrial Design,” 6.22. Young, Eva Zeisel, 18.23. “The Fashion of the Future”[newspaper advertisement], Waterloo Daily Courier[Waterloo, Iowa], 10 December 1951, 9.24. Ibid.25. “Shenango Pottery is Boosted,”New Castle News, 10 November 1942, 7.26. “Famous China Exhibited at S.L. Show,”Salt Lake Tribune, 8 June 1952, M5. The exhibitions for Castleton began in 1949 and continued across the country until around 1952. The art pieces themselves were available as special‐order studio patterns through Castleton until the subsidiary was discontinued in 1974.27. “Announcing an Exhibition of Castleton China,”Milwaukee Journal, 17 April 1949, 3.28. “Exquisite Castleton China,”Charleston Gazette, 8 November 1950, 25.29. “Castleton Exhibit by Contemporary Artists,”San Antonio Express, 9 April 1950, 3C.30. Castleton China, Inc., “The Castleton China Collection”[advertising brochure], New Castle, PA: Shenango China, Inc., c.1949. The brochure, which is in the author's private collection, is printed for Hudson's Department Store in Detroit.31. “China to Complement Fashions,”New Castle News, 17 April 1953, 20; Harper's Bazaar, April 1953, 48–50.32. Bill McBurney, second interview by Beverley Zona, April 1991, McBurney residence, New Castle, PA (Shenango China Heritage Project, Lawrence County Historical Society, New Castle, Pennsylvania, 9). Transcript by the author.33. “Tradition Ignored in American China,”New York Times, 7 November 1942, 1.34. “Art: The Shape of Dishes to Come,”Time, 29 July 1946 (available at: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,776969,00.html, accessed 14 August 2011); “Table Setting: China Needs to Keep Up with the Times,”Pittsburgh Post‐Gazette, 10 April 1951, 11.35. Shenango China, Inc., Stylebook 70, New Castle, PA: Shenango China, Inc., 1965, 2.36. Second interview with McBurney, 9–10.37. “Shenango to Unveil ‘Citation’,”New Castle News, 8 November 1966, 8; “New China Product Shown,”New Castle News, 29 December 1966, 13.38. “Top Foodservice Firms Swing Vote to Citation,”Shenango Table Top‐ics, company newsletter, January 1967, 1–4: 1 (at LCHS); “Citation Winning Over Price Buyers Too!,”Shenango Table Top‐ics, company newsletter, July 1967, 1–4: 1 (at LCHS).39. Interpace Corporation, 1969 Annual Report, Parsippany, NJ: Interpace, 1969, 5; “Shenango Shapes the Future,”Shenango Table Top‐ics, company newsletter, January 1969, 1–4: 1 (at LCHS).40. “Here Comes Omega . . . the Shaped Shape,”Shenango Table Top‐ics, company newsletter, September 1970, 1–4: 1 (at LCHS).41. “Perle Wins Wide Approval,”Shenango Table Top‐ics, company newsletter, May 1975, 1–4: 1 (at LCHS).42. “Shenango Introduces . . . The Stackables,”Shenango Pacesetter[company newsletter], September 1978, 1–4: 1 (author's collection); “One Name: Tangerine”[advertisement], Restaurants and Institutions, 15 July 1982, 249.43. W.W. Pfeiffer to W.J. Rech, “Discontinuance of Castleton Items,” inter‐plant correspondence, 23 November 1966 (at LCHS); Bettie Natcher to W.W. Pfeiffer, “Castleton Line for 1967,” inter‐plant correspondence, 24 October 1966 (at LCHS).44. “Castleton Plans Move to Strengthen Sales,”New Castle News, 20 January 1961, 12.45. “What's Black and White and Fashion All Over?,”The New Yorker, 14 September 1963, n.p.46. Ibid.47. Miami Herald, 17 May 1967, [advertisement] 5A.48. Shenango China Inc., Stylebook 70[table‐top catalog], New Castle, PA: Shenango China, 1965.49. Ibid.50. Ibid.51. Ibid.52. “Revolution,”Shenango Table‐Topics, company newsletter, October 1965, 1–4: 1 (at LCHS); “I'm Running out of Superlatives!,”Shenango Table Top‐ics, company newsletter, November 1965, 1–4: 1 (at LCHS).53. “Shenango has Top Stylebook,”New Castle News, 13 December 1966, 9.54. “It's IN”[advertisement for trade journals], 1970 (at LCHS).55. “You Think A Lot of Your Steak”[advertisement for trade journals, 1971] (at LCHS); “You Think A Lot of Your Specialties”[advertisement for trade journals, 1971] (at LCHS).56. “New Shenango Ads—Selling from the Customer's View,”Shenango Table Top‐ics[company newsletter], March 1972, 1–4: 3–4 (at LCHS).57. “Look At Your Food the Way Your Customer Does,”Shenango Table Top‐ics[company newsletter], March 1972, 1–4: 3–4 (at LCHS).58. “Growth Plans Given the Nod by Interpace,”New Castle News, 25 January 1975, 21; and “$3,000,000 is a lot of money to spend speeding up china delivery,”Shenango Table Top‐ics, January 1976, 1–4: 4 (at LCHS).59. “People Don't Eat Out Just to Eat”[advertisement for trade journals], 1974 (at LCHS).60. “Shenango Backs You Up with Service and Deliveries You Can Now Count On,”Shenango Table Top‐ics[company newsletter], February 1975, 1–4: 1 (at LCHS).61. “Introducing Shenango Low Price Value Patterns”[advertisement for trade journals], 1975 (at LCHS); “Why in the World?”[advertisement for trade journals], 1976 (at LCHS).62. “All Across the Board We Deliver Value”[magazine advertisement], Restaurants and Institutions, 1 April 1981, 116–17.63. “One Name”[magazine advertisement], Restaurants and Institutions, 15 March 1982, 68–9.64. Anchor Hocking Corporation, 1984 Annual Report, Lancaster, OH: Anchor Hocking, 1985, 2, 7–9; “Pottery Trying to Get Back on Track with Marketing,”New Castle News[date and month unknown], 1985 (at LCHS).65. “One Call”[magazine advertisement], Restaurants and Institutions, 15 July 1983, 274, 282, 286.66. “Everything Under the Sun”[magazine advertisement], Restaurants and Institutions, 18 July 1984, 20–1.67. “Discover the Difference”[magazine advertisement], Restaurant and Hotel Design, 19 April 1986, 15A.68. Ibid.69. “Company News: Newell Bids for Hocking,”New York Times, 7 November 1986 (available at: http://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/07/business/company‐news‐newell‐bids‐for‐hocking.html, accessed 14 August 2011).70. Stephen Phillips, “Company News: Newell to Purchase Anchor Hocking,”New York Times, 25 February 1987, D4; “Stockholders Meeting Postponed,”AnchoScope corporation newsletter, Spring 1987, 1–8: 8 (at LCHS); “Plan Will be Developed in Effort to Keep Pottery,”New Castle News, April 1987 (at LCHS).71. See for example “Another Revolution in China”[magazine advertisement], Restaurant and Hotel Design, May 1988, 61.72. Ibid.73. Ibid.74. “Not Too Rich for Your Taste”[magazine advertisement], Restaurants and Institutions, 7 March 1990, 117.75. Nye, Image Worlds, 148.76. Dolores De Lio, interview by Steve Keller, De Lio residence, New Castle, Pennsylvania, 23 April 1992 (Shenango China Heritage Project, Lawrence County Historical Society, New Castle, Pennsylvania, 16). Transcript by the author.77. Bill McBurney, third interview by Beverley Zona, April 1991, McBurney residence, New Castle, Pennsylvania (Shenango China Heritage Project, Lawrence County Historical Society, New Castle, Pennsylvania, 9). Transcript by the author.78. Ed Bistyga and Anthony Conti, first interview by Steve Keller, Lawrence County Historical Society, New Castle, Pennsylvania, 1 April 1992 (Shenango China Heritage Project, Lawrence County Historical Society, New Castle, Pennsylvania, 12–13). Transcript by the author.79. Peter R. Decker, Fortunes and Failures: White‐Collar Mobility in Nineteenth‐Century San Francisco, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1978, vii–viii, 7, 159–70.80. Scott Sandage, Born Losers: A History of Failure in America, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2005, 276.81. Nye, Image Worlds, 158–9.Additional informationNotes on contributorsStephanie VincentStephanie Vincent is a first‐year doctoral student at Kent State University. The author would like to thank Dr. Kenneth Bindas, chair of the Department and thesis advisor, as well as the members of her committee for their guidance on the overall project

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