Construction of Fatherhood Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Predominantly Black Fathers

A Grounded Theory Study

Bibliographic Data

ID17190873
AuthorsHyunjune Lee (0000-0002-5176-9456, School of Social Work, the University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA, corresponding author), Sherise McKinney (School of Social Work University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA), Laura A Voith (0000-0002-6842-418X, Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA), Retisha Warr (School of Social Work and Human Services, Troy University Troy Alabama USA), Brooke Bailey (School of Social Work, the University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA)
Year2026
Volume65
Issue1
Pagese70133-e70133
Publication date2026-02-19
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFamily Process (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0014-7370 • E-ISSN: 1545-5300
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/famp.70133
PMID41710999
OpenAlexW7130511233
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited34

This grounded theory study examines how socioeconomically disadvantaged and predominantly Black fathers construct fatherhood identity amid systemic adversity. Drawing on 11 focus groups with 40 fathers enrolled in a U.S. Midwestern fatherhood program, the study explores the multidimensional nature of fatherhood and the ways in which structural, interpersonal, and identity-based factors shape paternal engagement. Using iterative coding and comparative analysis, findings reveal three central themes: (a) evolving dimensions of engaged fatherhood that transcend biological ties and traditional patriarchal norms; (b) navigation of intersecting structural challenges, including incarceration, racism, and financial instability, that constrain father involvement; and (c) the role of trauma, social support, and cultural identity in fostering resilient fatherhood. Using a trauma-informed, life-course framework in combination with intersectionality and critical race theory, this study develops a conceptual model illustrating how marginalized fathers balance systemic pressures with sources of strength, such as peer support, co-parenting, and emotional growth. The analysis challenges deficit-based narratives by highlighting fathers' adaptive strategies and internal motivations to remain present in their children's lives. Implications include the need for culturally responsive, trauma-informed programming and policies that affirm marginalized fathers' capacity to nurture, guide, and advocate for their children despite structural inequities

Conceptual framework · Construct (python library) · Disadvantaged · Focus group · Grounded theory · Identity (music) · Intersectionality · Narrative · Social constructionism · Family Dynamics and Relationships · Parental Involvement in Education · Work-Family Balance Challenges