Defence Public Sector Undertakings in India

Defence is crucial for India's national security, guarding against internal and external threats. In 2023, India ranked fourth in global military spending at USD 83.6 billion, maintaining a large army of 1.3 million personnel and allocating 16-17% of its central government budget to defence since 2011. The country has 17 Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), notably including Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), which leads in production value. This paper traces the development and performance of DPSUs through extensive data up to 2024, analyzing growth, strategic changes, and challenges in domestic production. It also assesses policy reforms towards self-reliance and the diversification of the defence manufacturing ecosystem. The study provides insights into the impacts of defence policies, sectoral growth, and the implications of India's indigenous manufacturing capabilities in a geopolitically sensitive context

Defence industry · Diversification (marketing strategy) · Government (linguistics) · Indigenous · Manufacturing sector · Public policy · Public sector · Defense, Military, and Policy Studies · Indian Economic and Social Development · South Asian Studies and Conflicts