Shame, guilt, narcissism, and depression
Correlates and sex differences
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 19422987 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Fred Wright (John Jay College of Criminal Justice), John O’leary (0000-0001-9327-5852, William Alanson White Institute), John O'Leary, Joseph Balkin (John Jay College of Criminal Justice) |
| Year | 1989 |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 217-230 |
| Publication date | 1989-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychoanalytic Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0736-9735 • E-ISSN: 1939-1331 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0736-9735.6.2.217 |
| OpenAlex | W2102332275 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 23 |
| References cited | 10 |
This study examines the relationships between shame, guilt, narcissism, and depression and the gender differences connected with these states. We hypothesize that shame would be a more powerful contributor to narcissism and depres-sion than guilt and that women would score higher in shame, higher in depres-sion, and lower in narcissism than men. The Adapted Shame/Guilt Scale, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale were administered to male and female undergraduates. The results show that shame plays an important role in both narcissism and depression, and that its role in depression is stronger than that of guilt. It was also concluded that men are more prone to narcissism and women to depres-sion, and sex differences related to shame and guilt are linked to specific situa-tions and self-images. Implications for treatment are also noted. Recently, there has been a resurgence of clinical and theoretical interest in the superego. One reason is the expansion of psychoanalytic interest into new territories where superego deficits are paramount (i.e., the preoedipal con-ditions). Kernberg (1984), for example, stated that the two most important considerations in the treatability of borderline and narcissistic states is the quality of the patients ' object relations and the relative integration of their superegos
Developmental psychology · Narcissism · Psychoanalysis · Psychotherapist · Shame · Clinical Psychology · Emotions and Moral Behavior · Humor Studies and Applications · Personality Traits and Psychology · Psychology · Social Psychology
Verbal elaboration of distinct affect categories and narcissistic personality disorder features
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"Comment on Wright, O'Leary, and Balkin's "Shame, guilt, narcissism, and depression
Treating Objects like Women
Gender differences in narcissism
Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms
Target Article
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You Should Be Ashamed of Yourself
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Assessing Hypersensitive Narcissism
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Levels of Object Representation in Anaclitic and Introjective Depression
Shame and gender issues in pathological narcissism.
In a Different Voice
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| Unique citing works | 23 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0.64 |
| Citation span | 1990 - 2025 (36) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 17 |