The 11-item Chinese enlightenment scale
Initial evidence for validation
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 20503237 |
|---|---|
| Authors | L Meng (0000-0001-6432-1055, Qufu Normal University, corresponding author), Belinda M Boyd-Wilson (Psychology, Open Polytechnic Kuratini Tuwhera, Lower Hutt, New Zealand), Wenhua Wu (0000-0002-4045-9014, Hainan Tropical Ocean University), Qiong Wu (0000-0002-3169-1276, Mathematics Education, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an City, China), Han Liang (0000-0001-7633-286X, Hangzhou Normal University) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 498-510 |
| Publication date | 2021-10-02 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Beliefs and Values (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1361-7672 • E-ISSN: 1469-9362 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/13617672.2021.1875313 |
| OpenAlex | W3125644201 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 18 |
Although the concept of enlightenment is difficult to define in intellectual terms, it denotes an ordinary but often elusive state of inner wholeness where, for an individual, no real divide between themselves and the world is felt, and where there is unfailing kindness towards all beings. Reasoning that if enlightenment could be represented by simple experiences, such as feeling inner wholeness and seeing the inner beauty in all individuals, Western researchers in 2015 developed a 30-item Enlightenment Scale with two factors which they named At Peace and Open-Hearted. Repeated examination of the scale’s structure using confirmatory analysis showed that it was robust; tests of convergent validity lent further support to the scale. The present study tested the Enlightenment Scale, once translated into Chinese, in an eastern context. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed an 11-item Chinese Enlightenment Scale with three factors which were named Open-Hearted, Inner Wholeness, and At Peace. As expected, there were negative correlations between scores on the Chinese Enlightenment Scale and Perceived Stress, and positive correlations between scores on the Chinese Enlightenment Scale and Goal Pursuit. The implications of the results were discussed, and future research directions suggested
Aesthetics · Cartography · Confirmatory factor analysis · Convergent validity · Developmental psychology · Enlightenment · Epistemology · Exploratory factor analysis · Feeling · Internal consistency · Psychometrics · Statistics · Structural equation modeling · History · Mathematics · Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being · Philosophy · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Social Psychology
The structure of psychological well-being
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity
Optimism, coping, and health
The Satisfaction With Life Scale
Enlightenment as a Psychological Construct and as a Buddhist Religious Pursuit
Psychological attachment, no-self and Chan Buddhist mind therapy
Zen
The Enlightenment Scale
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being
Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem)
IQ and ego-resiliency
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |