Welfare Policymaking and Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in U.S. State Legislatures
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21048601 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Beth Reingold (0000-0003-4094-9934, Emory University), Adrienne Smith (University of Tennessee at Knoxville), Adrienne R Smith |
| Year | 2012 |
| Volume | 56 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 131-147 |
| Publication date | 2012-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Journal of Political Science (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0092-5853 • E-ISSN: 1540-5907 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00569.x |
| PMID | 22400145 |
| OpenAlex | W1509309373 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 67 |
| References cited | 66 |
Welfare policy in the American states has been shaped profoundly by race, ethnicity, and representation. Does gender matter as well? Focusing on state welfare reform in the mid‐1990s, we test hypotheses derived from two alternative approaches to incorporating gender into the study of representation and welfare policymaking. An additive approach, which assumes gender and race/ethnicity are distinct and independent, suggests that female state legislators—regardless of race/ethnicity—will mitigate the more restrictive and punitive aspects of welfare reform, much like their African American and Latino counterparts do. In contrast, an intersectional approach, which highlights the overlapping and interdependent nature of gender and race/ethnicity, suggests that legislative women of color will have the strongest countervailing effect on state welfare reform—stronger than that of other women or men of color. Our empirical analyses suggest an intersectional approach yields a more accurate understanding of gender, race/ethnicity, and welfare politics in the states
Demographic economics · Diversity (politics) · Economics · Ethnic group · Intersectionality · Legislature · Political science · Politics · Power (physics) · Public economics · Race (biology) · Representation (politics) · Sociology · State (computer science) · Welfare · Welfare state · Women of color · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Gender Politics and Representation · Gender Studies · Law · Social Policy and Reform Studies
Mobilization and Conflict in Multiethnic States
Race, power, and policy
Putting a Number on Preferences
Theoretical Frontiers in Representative Bureaucracy
Structural determinants of Medicaid enrollment in late life
Identity and Intersectionality in Public Administration
Who Is Presidential? Women’s Political Representation, Deflection, and the 2016 Election
Some thoughts on racial-ethnic groups’ representation in America
Women's organizing and intersectional policy-making in comparative perspective
Social capital and solving the puzzle of Black women's political participation
How Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Their Intersections Shape Americans’ Issue Priorities
Electing Women of Color
Which Women, Exactly? Examining Gender Gaps in Legislative Responsiveness to Women’s Issue Advocacy through an Intersectional Lens
Federalism and the Racialization of Welfare Policy
Just Say No
Collective Representation as a Mobilizer
Gender and the State Politics of Policy Implementation in Education
Assessing the Validity of Enns and Koch's Measure of State Policy Mood
Context Not Candidate Sex
Who’s Got the “Best Shot”? Race-Gender Stereotypes and Primary Elections
Structuring Good Representation
Are Women Commissioners More Compassionate Spenders? Evidence From Florida County Governments
An Application of the Theory of Representative Bureaucracy, Gender Concordance, and Symbolic Representation in the Health Care Context
The mutual constitution of risk and inequalities
State Variation in Child Care Spending Under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Federal Block Grant in the United States
Who challenges disparities in capital punishment
The Effect of Women’s Descriptive Representation on Premature Mortality
Household Financial Hardship Factors Are Strongly Associated with Poorer Latino Mental Health During Covid-19
The Relationship between State Welfare Rules and Economic Disconnection among Low-Income Single Mothers
What Explains Short Spells on Child-Care Subsidies
Intersectionality and equity
High Hurdles
How to measure the substantive representation of traditionally excluded groups in comparative research
Different policies, different voices
State-Level Sexism and Women’s Health Care Access in the United States
When Passionate Advocates Meet Research on Diversity, Does the Honest Broker Stand a Chance
Diffusion of Complex Governance Arrangements
Diversity in Judicial Leadership in the American States
Who Represents the Needs of Domestic Violence Survivors in State Welfare Policy
Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Political Representation in the United States
Does experience of democracy reduce ethnic economic inequality
Are We Providing Enough to Those Who Have Too Little? Measuring Poverty Relief
Descriptive Representation and Innovation in American Legislatures
Quién Importa? State Legislators and Their Responsiveness to Undocumented Immigrants
Legislating at the Intersections
Trends
Measuring Complex State Policies
Social Policy
State Politics, Race, and “Welfare” as a Funding Stream
Diversity Matters
Women’s Political Representation in a Hybrid and Patriarchal Regime
Democratic Party Control Reduces Gender Inequality
Presence, Representation, and Impact
It could happen to you
Fifty shades of deservingness
A New Dawn? Indigenous Movements and Ethnic Inclusion in Latin America
Does Democracy Reduce Ethnic Inequality
Substantive Representation of Women
Rethinking Women's Interests
Religious Adherence, Women-Friendliness, and Representation in American State Legislatures
Advocacy for the Poor
Linking representations and policy adoption
Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Representation in State Legislatures
From Suffragists to Pink Pussyhats
The Influence of Women Legislators on State Health Care Spending for the Poor
Public Perceptions of Minority Inclusion and Feelings of Political Efficacy
Intersecting Interests
Why Americans Hate Welfare
The Impact of Women in Congress
Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models
Protest, Policy, and the Problem of Violence against Women
The Politics Of Public Housing
Welfare Reform and Sexual Regulation
Do Women Legislators Matter?
Gender, Race, and the Exercise of Power and Influence
Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex
Faces of Inequality
The Dimensions and Policy Impact of Feminist Civil Society Democratic Policymaking on Violence against Women in the Fifty US States
The Intersectionality of Domestic Violence and Welfare in the Lives of Poor Women
The Family Violence Option
Women Lawmakers, State Mandates and Women's Health
States Rights, Women's Obligations
The Double-Edged Sword of Women's Organizing
The Illusion of Technique
Black Substantive Representation in State Legislatures from 1971–1994
Agenda Setting and African American Women in State Legislatures
Agenda Setting and Legislative Success in State Legislatures
An Annual Cost of Living Index for the American States, 1960-1995
Mapping the Margins
Mini-Symposium
Explaining the Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections, 1980-1992
Immigration and the Evolving American Welfare State
RaceandGender Matter
The Conditional Effects of Minority Descriptive Representation
Gender Gap or Gender Gaps? New Perspectives on Support for Government Action and Policies
Voter Registration Requirements, Voter Turnout, and Welfare Eligibility Policy
Descriptive Representation, Legislative Leadership, and Direct Democracy
The Measurement of the Partisan Balance of State Government
The Impact of Multimember State Legislative Districts on Welfare Policy
The Impact of Social Diversity and Racial Attitudes on Social Welfare Policy
Gender Differences in Policy Preferences
The End of Welfare as We Know It
Linking Women's Descriptive and Substantive Representation in the United States
Intersectionality as a Normative and Empirical Paradigm
The Structure of Intersectionality
Doing Intersectionality Research
Should Feminists Give Up on Critical Mass? A Contingent Yes
Intersections of Inequality
Exploring Gender Differences in State Legislators’ Policy Preferences
Women’s Movements, Identity Politics, and Policy Impacts
Descriptive Representation as a Mechanism to Mitigate Policy Backlash
Considerations on Mainstreaming Intersectionality
When Multiplication Doesn't Equal Quick Addition
Sheer Numbers
When Do Governments Promote Women's Rights? A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Sex Equality Policy
When Tokens Matter
Has the Voting Rights Act Outlived Its Usefulness? In a Word, “No
The Politics of Competitive Federalism
Racial Stereotypes and Whites' Political Views of Blacks in the Context of Welfare and Crime
Measuring Citizen and Government Ideology in the American States, 1960-93
The Changing Politics of American Men
Making the Most of Statistical Analyses
Setting the Terms of Relief
Politics and the New American Welfare States
The Influence of Women's Political Power on Bureaucratic Output
Intersectionality as buzzword
A Politico-Economic Theory of Income Redistribution
Congressional Enactments of Race-Gender
The Boundaries of Blackness
The Complexity of Intersectionality
The Changing Color of Welfare? How Whites' Attitudes toward Latinos Influence Support for Welfare
| Unique citing works | 67 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,79 |
| Citation span | 2012 - 2026 (15) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 67 |