Visual Word Recognition in Bilinguals
Eye-Tracking Evidence That L2 Proficiency Impacts Access of L1 Phonotactics
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21506239 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Max R Freeman (0000-0003-0730-1685, corresponding author), Viorica Marian (0000-0002-8335-1433) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 759-787 |
| Publication date | 2022-07-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Studies in Second Language Acquisition (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0272-2631 • E-ISSN: 1470-1545 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s027226312100053x |
| PMID | 36081612 |
| OpenAlex | W3197587742 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 2 |
| References cited | 44 |
A bilingual’s language system is highly interactive. When hearing a second language (L2), bilinguals access native-language (L1) words that share sounds across languages. In the present study, we examine whether input modality and L2 proficiency moderate the extent to which bilinguals activate L1 phonotactic constraints (i.e., rules for combining speech sounds) during L2 processing. Eye movements of English monolinguals and Spanish–English bilinguals were tracked as they searched for a target English word in a visual display. On critical trials, displays included a target that conflicted with the Spanish vowel-onset rule (e.g., sp a ), as well as a competitor containing the potentially activated “e” onset (e.g., e gg ). The rule violation was processed either in the visual modality (Experiment 1) or audio-visually (Experiment 2). In both experiments, bilinguals with lower L2 proficiency made more eye movements to competitors than fillers. Findings suggest that bilinguals who have lower L2 proficiency access L1 phonotactic constraints during L2 visual word processing with and without auditory input of the constraint-conflicting structure (e.g., spa ). We conclude that the interactivity between a bilingual’s two languages is not limited to words that share form across languages, but also extends to sublexical, rule-based structures
Language proficiency · Linguistics · Neuroscience of multilingualism · Phonology · Phonotactics · Categorization, perception, and language · Computer Science · Multisensory perception and integration · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism · Psychology · Artificial Intelligence
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| Unique citing works | 2 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2024 - 2025 (2) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 2 |