Insights From Cointegration

Gender and Age Disparities in the US Labor Market

Bibliographic Data

ID21512748
AuthorsVictoria Tribone (SAIS, Johns Hopkins University Washington DC USA), Andrew B Martinez (0000-0002-9640-0345, Department of Economics American University Washington DC USA), Neil R Ericsson (Department of Economics George Washington University Washington DC USA, corresponding author)
Year2026
Volume88
Issue4
Pages847-870
Publication date2026-08-01
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueOxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0305-9049 • E-ISSN: 1468-0084
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/obes.70099
OpenAlexW7164527487
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited54

This paper formalizes how to test important economic and statistical hypotheses for the labor market in a cointegrated framework. That formalization offers substantive gains in understanding the labor market because that market can involve multiple cointegrating relationships. Those relationships include trend‐stationary gaps in labor force participation rates and in unemployment rates, added‐worker and discouraged‐worker effects in relationships between labor force participation rates and unemployment rates, and possible stationarity of variables. This paper then applies that framework to analyze the US labor market, finding several such long‐run relationships for data disaggregated by both age and gender, albeit with heterogeneity across age and gender. Forecasts from these models provide a benchmark from which to measure recovery from the covid‐19 pandemic

Discouraged worker · Productivity · Unemployment · Unemployment rate · COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts · Employment and Welfare Studies · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality

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