Watching and being watched undermine stress reduction in Chinese calligraphy
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21624136 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Xiaofan Yu (0009-0000-9408-9242, Chinese University of Hong Kong), Xiaoting Yu (0000-0003-3912-6471), Wing Tung Au (0000-0002-6815-0190, Chinese University of Hong Kong, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue | 19 |
| Pages | 15548-15560 |
| Publication date | 2025-10-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Current Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1046-1310 • E-ISSN: 1936-4733 |
| Publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12144-025-08193-0 |
| OpenAlex | W4413024318 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 38 |
Chinese calligraphic handwriting (CCH) is a traditional yet novel therapeutic approach that requires further attention and investigation. In this study, we explored the impact of the presence of others in group settings on the therapeutic effect of CCH in stress reduction and whether watching and being watched by others would increase social comparison and fear of negative evaluation. We recruited 56 participants and randomly assigned them to one of four different conditions: participants could either watch others or not, and be watched by others or not during the writing process. Results showed that both watching and being watched by others significantly undermined the stress reduction effect of CCH. Watching others led to increased social comparison and fear of negative evaluation, while being watched resulted in an increased fear of negative evaluation. Additionally, social comparison and fear of negative evaluation jointly contributed to less stress reduction caused by watching others. These results demonstrate that the application of CCH in group settings should consider the potential influences and psychological activities arising from the presence of others
Art · Calligraphy · Linguistics · Stress reduction · Visual arts · Art Therapy and Mental Health · Child Therapy and Development · Clinical Psychology · Creativity in Education and Neuroscience · Philosophy · Psychology · Social Psychology
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A Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale
Anxiety and cognitive performance
Understanding Self-Report Bias in Organizational Behavior Research
Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.
Social comparison, individualism-collectivism, and self-esteem in china and the United States
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Development of the perceived stress questionnaire
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Social Comparison
Calligraphy, Psychology and the Confucian Literati Personality
Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem
The Ups and Downs of Social Comparison
Acute Stressors and Cortisol Responses
A Theory of Social Comparison Processes
Individual differences in social comparison
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
| Highly cited | No |
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