Global patterns and controls of soil greenhouse gas fluxes and crop yield under biochar application
Bibliographic Data
Biochar application has been proven to be a viable technique in mitigating soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improving crop yield; however, the global patterns and responses of soil GHG fluxes, global warming potential (GWP), crop yield, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) to biochar application, as well as the key drivers of biochar‐induced changes, are not fully synthesized. Hence, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 3883 paired observations from 220 studies. Overall, biochar application significantly increased carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions (7.4%) and yield (9.4%) and decreased soil methane (CH 4 , −13.0%) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O, −26.8%) emissions, as well as GWP (−7.7%) and GHGI (−14.3%). CH 4 uptake was, however, not observed to change. The responses of soil GHG fluxes to the biochar application were more sensitive in the incubation and pot experiments compared to the field studies. In addition, increased CO 2 emissions were mainly derived from incubation and pot experiments, whereas the biochar application did not significantly change CO 2 emissions in the field studies. The climate, soil, and experimental conditions also affected the responses of soil GHG fluxes to biochar application, and the biochar‐induced change in soil pH was the most essential factor associated with the variations in soil GHG fluxes. Globally, biochar application boosted the soil carbon (C) pool (38.1% in upland and 33.4% in paddy) and decreased soil GHGI (−18.7% in upland and −14.5% in paddy). Our study highlights the role of the reduced CH 4 and N 2 O emissions in the biochar‐induced mitigation of soil GHG emissions while exploring the relative importance of the influencing factors and providing crucial insights for the development of individualized biochar management measures
Agronomy · Biochar · Carbon dioxide · Carbon sequestration · Greenhouse gas · Methane · Nitrous oxide · Pyrolysis · Soil carbon · Soil water · Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics · Chemistry · Environmental Science · Soil and Unsaturated Flow · Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics · Ecology · Soil Science
Methods to estimate the between‐study variance and its uncertainty in meta‐analysis
An Earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle
Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis.
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Biochar affects greenhouse gas emissions in various environments
Impact of biochar and manure application on in situ carbon dioxide flux, microbial activity, and carbon budget in degraded cropland soil of southern India
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| Unique citing works | 2 |
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