Estimating baseline vehicular emissions for paratransit modes in sub-Saharan African cities

Insights from Accra, Ghana and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Bibliographic Data

ID21835452
AuthorsGift Dumedah (0000-0002-1572-8104, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, corresponding author), Samuel Akintomide Ajayi (0000-0002-1974-8049, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Gilbert Edwin Belson (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Benedicta Amponsah Sintim (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Christian Agbozo (0009-0000-7362-8411, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Benjamin Ebissah (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Joycelyn Adjekum (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Emmanuel Amankwah (0000-0001-6231-1419, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Emmanuel Adubofour Amankwah (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Keziah Adobea Otchere (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology), Patrick Azong (0009-0000-8875-703X, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology)
Year2025
Pages1-25
Publication date2025-10-15
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAfrican Geographical Review (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1937-6812 • E-ISSN: 2163-2642
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/19376812.2025.2571573
OpenAlexW4415236559
LanguageEN
References cited41

Road transport for cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is dominated by paratransit, whose GHG emissions are not often included in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) – the climate action plans made to cut emissions and adapt to climate impacts. Paratransit services are fraught with several challenges, making it difficult to provide reliable inventories of their traffic emissions. Accordingly, this study presents the baseline estimation of traffic emissions for paratransit modes in Accra-Ghana and Dar es Salaam-Tanzania. Traffic pollutants CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, and PM are estimated for 52 routes in Accra-Ghana and 57 routes in Dar es Salaam-Tanzania using minibuses, taxis, and three-wheelers, and their performance measures. The study established higher traffic emissions for paratransit modes in Dar es Salaam-Tanzania compared to Accra-Ghana. We found that traffic emission by passenger volume was better in Dar es Salaam-Tanzania for CO, NO2, and SO2, whereas the rate was lower in Accra-Ghana for CO2 and PM. In Accra-Ghana, travel fare and population have strong relationships with traffic pollutants, whereas travel fare, economic status and population have poor relationships with pollutants in Dar es Salaam-Tanzania. Crucially, this study contributes to the development of inventories on paratransit GHG emissions towards their incorporation into NDCs

New delhi · Paratransit · Tanzania · Transportation Planning and Optimization · Urban Transport and Accessibility · Vehicle emissions and performance

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