Shortages and price variability of essential cytotoxic medicines for treating children with cancers
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21880321 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Yehoda M Martei (0000-0002-5631-1567, University of Pennsylvania), Kotoji Iwamoto (World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, corresponding author), RONALD D BARR (0000-0002-5711-7440, McMaster Children's Hospital), John T Wiernkowski (McMaster Children's Hospital), Jane Robertson (0000-0003-4330-2829, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue | 11 |
| Pages | e003282 |
| Publication date | 2020-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | BMJ Global Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2059-7908 • E-ISSN: 2059-7908 |
| Publisher | BMJ (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003282 |
| PMID | 33173011 |
| OpenAlex | W3099001503 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 42 |
Introduction Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the largest burden of mortality from childhood cancers with limited access to curative therapies. Few comparative analyses across all income groups and world regions have examined the availability and acquisition costs of essential medicines for treating cancers in children. Methods A cross-sectional survey involved countries in five income groups—low-income (LIC), lower-middle-income (LMC), upper-middle-income (UMC), two high-income country groups (HIC1, HIC2). Physicians and pharmacists reported institutional use, availability, stock outs and prices (brand and generic products) of 34 essential medicines. Price comparisons used US$, applying foreign exchange rates (XR) and purchasing power parity (PPP) adjustments. Medicine costs for treating acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and Wilms tumour (WT) were calculated (child 29 kg, body surface area 1 m 2 ). Comparisons were conducted using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Fifty-eight respondents (50 countries) provided information on medicine use, availability and stock outs, with usable price data from 42 facilities (37 countries). The extent of use of International Society of Paediatric Oncology core and ancillary medicines varied across income groups (p<0.0001 and p=0.0002 respectively). LMC and LIC facilities used fewer medicines than UMC and HIC facilities. UMC and LMC facilities were more likely to report medicines not available or stockouts. Medicine prices varied widely within and between income bands; generic products were not always cheaper than brand equivalents. PPP adjustment showed relatively higher prices in UMC and LMC facilities for some medicines. Medicine costs were highest in HICs for ALL (p=0.0075 XR; p=0.0178 PPP-adjusted analyses) and WT (p =<0.0001 XR; p=0.0007 PPP-adjusted). Medicine costs for BL were not significantly different. Conclusion Problems with the availability of essential medicines, dependable supply chains, confidential medicine prices and wide variability in treatment costs contribute to persistent challenges in the care of children with treatable cancers, especially in LMICs
Access to medicines · Business · Developing country · Economic growth · Economic shortage · Economics · Environmental health · Essential medicines · Gross national income · Public health · Purchasing power parity · Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer · Medicine · Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy · Pharmaceutical studies and practices · Finance
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Trends and disparity in the provision and consumption of essential medicines in China from 2016 to 2021
| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,75 |
| Citation span | 2022 - 2025 (4) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 3 |