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‘They Were Going to the Beach, Acting like Tourists, Drinking, Chasing Girls’

A Mixed-Methods Study on Community Perceptions of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by UN Peacekeepers in Haiti

Bibliographic Data

ID22010279
AuthorsCarla King (0000-0003-0851-4906, Queen's University), Sabine Lee (0000-0002-4803-298X, University of Birmingham), Susan A Bartel (0000-0003-2782-3480, Queen's University, corresponding author), Susan A Bartels
Year2020
Volume9
Issue1
Pages10
Publication date2020-05-21
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueStability International Journal of Security and Development (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2165-2627 • E-ISSN: 2165-2627
PublisherDepartment of Peace Studies and International Development, University of Bradford (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.5334/sta.766
OpenAlexW3028265432
LanguageEN
Citations received16
References cited34

The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) has been marred by reports of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) perpetrated against local women/girls. However, there is very limited empirical evidence on the community’s perceptions regarding these sexual interactions. Through a mixed-methods approach, this article examines community experiences and perceptions of SEA, with three prominent themes arising: peacekeepers as tourists, peacekeepers as sexual exploiters and abusers, and peacekeepers as ideal partners. Uruguayan (n = 107, 28.1 per cent) and Brazilian personnel (n = 83, 21.8 per cent) were most commonly named in SEA narratives. We explore how these perceptions of MINUSTAH peacekeepers undermine the purpose and legitimacy of UN peace support operations, and propose strategies to prevent and address peacekeeper-perpetrated SEA

Art · Criminology · Environmental health · Legitimacy · Narrative · Peacekeeping · Perception · Poison control · Political science · Sexual abuse · Sociology · Suicide prevention · Gender Studies · Gender, Security, and Conflict · Law · Medicine · Peacebuilding and International Security · Psychology · Public Administration · Sex work and related issues

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    Open Access•Luissa Vahedi, Sabine Lee et al.•Journal of Aggression Conflict…•2021

  • Children Born of War

    Sabine Lee, Susan A Bartel et al.•Children Born of War•2023

  • Cholera in the Time of Minustah

    Open Access•Susan A Bartel, Georgia Fraulin et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • A cross-sectional study of community perceptions of stigmatization amongst women affected by UN-peacekeeper perpetrated sexual exploitation and abuse

    Open Access•Samantha Gray, Susan A Bartel et al.•BMC Public Health•2021

  • There Was a Bagpiper Playing Amazing Grace, and I Broke Down Sobbing

    Bertrand Desjardins•Sociology of Sport Journal•2025

  • Participant and narrative characteristics associated with host community members sharing experiences of peacekeeper-perpetrated sexual exploitation and abuse in the Democratic Republic of Congo

    Open Access•Susan A Bartel, Sandrine Lusamba et al.•BMJ Global Health•2021

  • Born between war and peace

    Open Access•Kirstin Wagner, Heather Tasker et al.•Frontiers in Political Science•2022

  • “When It’s a Girl, They Have a Chance to Have Sex With Them. When It’s a Boy…They Have Been Known to Rape Them”

    Open Access•Susan A Bartel, Carla King et al.•Frontiers in Sociology•2021

  • UNsupported

    Open Access•Kirstin Wagner, Susan A Bartel et al.•Human Rights Review•2022

  • Love, Sex, and Exchange in the Context of Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo

    Kaitlin Gibson, Alina Dixon et al.•International Peacekeeping•2022

  • Development of an Index to Measure the Exposure Level of UN Peacekeeper-Perpetrated Sexual Exploitation/Abuse in Women/Girls in the Democratic Republic of Congo

    Open Access•Samantha Gray, Heather Stuart et al.•Violence Against Women•2021

  • It was with my consent since he was providing me with money”

    Open Access•Georgia Fraulin, Sabine Lee et al.•Conflict and Health•2021

  • They were just enjoying love and she was making money’

    Open Access•Samantha Gray, Sandrine Lusamba et al.•Conflict and Health•2025

  • At the end of their relationship, that man offered her a house’

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  • They came with cholera when they were tired of killing us with bullets’

    Open Access•Georgia Fraulin, Sabine Lee et al.•Global Public Health•2021

  • His Future will not be Bright”

    Open Access•Luissa Vahedi, Susan A Bartel et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2020

  • Even peacekeepers expect something in return’

    Open Access•Luissa Vahedi, Susan A Bartel et al.•Global Public Health•2019

  • Revisiting the understanding of “transactional sex” in sub-Saharan Africa

    Open Access•Kirsten Stoebenau, Lori Heise et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2016

  • Life in a ‘Peace-kept’ City

    Kathleen M Jennings•Journal of Intervention and…•2015

  • Transactions and Interactions

    Kathleen M Jennings, Morten Bøås•Journal of Intervention and…•2015

  • Parades, Parties and Pests

    Marsha Giselle Henry•Journal of Intervention and…•2015

  • Perceptions of Peacebuilding

    Open Access•Andrea Kathryn Talentino•International Studies Perspectives•2007

  • Peacekeeper Babies’

    Olivera Simic, Melanie O’brien•International Peacekeeping•2014

  • Gendered Culture in Peacekeeping Operations

    Helena Carreiras•International Peacekeeping•2010

  • Women and peace and security’

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  • They Put a Few Coins in Your Hand to Drop a Baby in You’

    Sabine Lee, Susan A Bartel•International Peacekeeping•2019

  • The Kosovo intervention and collective self‐defence

    Patrick Egan, Patrick T Egan•International Peacekeeping•2001

  • The gender mainstreaming gap

    Anne-Kathrin Kreft•International Peacekeeping•2016

  • Women, peacekeeping and peacemaking

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  • Peacekeepers’ Privilege and Sexual Abuse in Post-Conflict Populations

    Open Access•Kylie Alexandra•Peace Review•2011

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  • UNaccountable

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  • United Nations peacekeeping dynamics and the duration of post-civil conflict peace

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  • Sustaining the Peace

    Jason Quinn, J Michael Quinn et al.•International Interactions•2007

  • Reevaluating Peacekeeping Effectiveness

    Sabrina Karim•International Interactions•2016

  • Using thematic analysis in psychology

    Open Access•Braun, Virginia Braun et al.•Qualitative Research in Psychology•2006

  • U.N. Peacekeeping Forces and the Demand for Sex Trafficking

    Open Access•Sam R Bell, Michael E Flynn et al.•International Studies Quarterly•2018

  • Blue Helmets, Red Flags

    Open Access•Marisella Rodríguez, Brandon J Kinne•International Studies Quarterly•2019

  • Conditional Protection? Sex, Gender, and Discourse in UN Peacekeeping

    Open Access•Kathleen M Jennings•International Studies Quarterly•2019

  • United Nations Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection in Civil War

    Open Access•Lisa Hultman, Jacob Kathman et al.•American Journal of Political…•2013

  • Beyond the hegemonic in the study of militaries, masculinities, and war

    Amanda Chisholm, Joanna Tidy•Critical Military Studies•2017

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  • Keeping the peace

    Marsha Giselle Henry•Conflict Security and Development•2019

  • Cooperation, information, and keeping the peace

    Open Access•Grant M Gordon, Lauren E Young•Journal of Peace Research•2017

  • Explaining sexual exploitation and abuse in peacekeeping missions

    Open Access•Sabrina Karim, Kyle Beardsley•Journal of Peace Research•2016

  • Beyond Keeping Peace

    Open Access•Lisa Hultman, Jacob Kathman et al.•American Political Science Review•2014

  • Hegemonic Masculinity and the Possibility of Change in Gender Relations

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  • Peacekeepers, Masculinities, and Sexual Exploitation

    Open Access•Paul Higate•Men and Masculinities•2007

Unique citing works16
Citations per year2,67
Citation span2020 - 2025 (6)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 11

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