Beyond Keeping Peace
United Nations Effectiveness in the Midst of Fighting
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3170932 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Lisa Hultman (0000-0002-6410-1551, Uppsala University), Jacob Kathman, Jacob D Kathman (0000-0002-9339-9772, University of Mississippi), Megan Shannon (0000-0002-4179-6952, University of Colorado Boulder) |
| Year | 2014 |
| Volume | 108 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 737-753 |
| Publication date | 2014-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Political Science Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0003-0554 • E-ISSN: 1537-5943 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s0003055414000446 |
| OpenAlex | W2149144162 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 160 |
| References cited | 59 |
While United Nations peacekeeping missions were created to keep peace and perform post-conflict activities, since the end of the Cold War peacekeepers are more often deployed to active conflicts. Yet, we know little about their ability to manage ongoing violence. This article provides the first broad empirical examination of UN peacekeeping effectiveness in reducing battlefield violence in civil wars. We analyze how the number of UN peacekeeping personnel deployed influences the amount of battlefield deaths in all civil wars in Africa from 1992 to 2011. The analyses show that increasing numbers of armed military troops are associated with reduced battlefield deaths, while police and observers are not. Considering that the UN is often criticized for ineffectiveness, these results have important implications: if appropriately composed, UN peacekeeping missions reduce violent conflict
Battlefield · Cold war · Peacekeeping · Political science · Politics · Spanish Civil War · Global Peace and Security Dynamics · History · Law · Peacebuilding and International Security · Political Conflict and Governance
Beyond Generations
Stabilization at the Expense of Peacebuilding in UN Peacekeeping Operations
When Peacekeeping Missions Collide
Incredible Commitments
Aiding Victims, Abetting Violence
Powers for Peace
Variants of violence
Peacekeeping Deployments and Mutinies in African Sending States
The Politics of International Peace and Security
The Dynamic Effects of UN SEA Reporting on the Actions of Peacekeeping Contributing Countries
Pinioning the Peacekeepers
Spiral to Surveillance
Intrastate Armed Conflict Termination and Foreign Direct Investment
The Role of Foreign Aid in Procuring Civil War Party Consent to Peacekeeping
Combining Behavioral and Structural Predictors of Violent Civil Conflict
Learning to Fight Together
‘They Were Going to the Beach, Acting like Tourists, Drinking, Chasing Girls’
Peacekeeping Deployments, Intragroup Cohesion, and the Use of Sexual Violence by Armed Non-State Groups
A Multi‐Transition Approach to Evaluating Peacekeeping Effectiveness
On the justifiability of nuclear weapons
Mandates through the rule of law
When peace nations go to war
Help is close at hand? Proximity and the effectiveness of peacekeepers
Explaining the Effectiveness of Inter-Organizational Peace Operations
Ideology and UN Responsiveness to Sexual Violence
Does peacekeeping deter terrorism?’
Navigating Uncertainty
Does peacekeeping by civilians work? Reducing armed violence without armed force
External State Support for Rebel Groups and the Occurrence of UN Peacekeeping Operations
Finding the Utility of Force to Protect Civilians from Violence
Buying Peace? Civil War Peace Duration and Private Military & Security Companies
Counting Deaths While Keeping Peace
Deploying to Protect
Multiple Peacekeeping Missions
Rebel Sexual Violence and UN Targeted Sanctions
The Pieces Kept after Peace is Kept
Civil Conflict Fragmentation and the Effectiveness of UN Peacekeeping Operations
Understanding Coherence in UN Peacekeeping
Conflict, Peacekeeping, and Humanitarian Security
The Withdrawal of UN Peace Operations and State Capacity
Watchdogs of Pause
The known knowns and known unknowns of peacekeeping data
UN Organizational and Financial Incentives to Employ Private Military and Security Companies in Peacekeeping Operations
Do child soldiers influence UN Peacekeeping
UN Peacekeeping and Forced Displacement in South Sudan
Peacekeeping Prevention
The European Union’s Role in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
The United Nations After 75
Downsizing in UN Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is Not Counterinsurgency
Just Different Hats? Comparing UN and Non-UN Peacekeeping
Who Can Go First? Evidence From UN PKOs in Africa in 1990-2016
Understanding Ceasefires
Do UN Missions Have an Expiration Date? Ideational Commitment to UN Peacekeeping and the Length of Missions
How Do Non-UN Peacekeepers Affect Civilian Violence? An Instrument Investigation
Once and Future Peacemakers
When the Going Gets Tough… Monitoring Missions and a Changing Conflict Environment in Sri Lanka, 2002–2008
Toward a Social-Democratic Peace
United Nations peacekeeping dynamics and the duration of post-civil conflict peace
Dangerous bargains with the devil? Incorporating new approaches in peace science for the study of war
Do non-UN peacekeeping operations work in conjunction with UN peacekeeping troops to reduce civilian casualties
Regional approaches to conflict prevention
Financial contributions to United Nations peacekeeping, 1990–2010
Gendered participation, well-being, and representations in political violence
UN fatalities 1948–2015
Sticking it out
Sequencing United Nations peacemaking
Mobilization for peace
Peace is in the air
Peacekeeping operations and shadow economy growth in host countries
Trading peace for hazard management? peace agreement implementation and United Nations peace operations during natural hazards
United Nations peacekeeping operations and multilateral foreign aid
United Nations peacekeeping and terrorism
Troop-providers' ideational commitment to UN peacekeeping and effectiveness
Speaking of civilians
Practices and outcomes of humanitarian military interventions
Conflict management trajectories
Military Intervention in Civil Wars
UN Troop Deployment and Preventing Violence Against Civilians in Darfur
Burden sharing in UN peacekeeping operations
Cooperation between national armies
Composing Peace
Power in Peacekeeping
When the stick fails to work
Institutional Arrangements and Procurement Procedures for Post‐War Reconstruction in Yemen
Peacekeepers Abroad
How United Nations peace operations can help overcome perils to post-conflict elections
Foreign interests and state repression
Interventions and repression following civil conflict
Social reintegration of former al-Shabaab militants
Negotiating peacekeeping consent
Introducing new data on UN Special Political Mission Mandated Tasks (UNSPMMT)
The end of rebel rule
Does Peacekeeping Mitigate the Impact of Aid on Conflict? Peacekeeping, Humanitarian Aid and Violence Against Civilians
A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of External Interventions on Conflict Intensity
Effects of the Deployment and Departure of UN Peacekeeping Operations on Foreign Direct Investment
International Peacebuilding and Local Success
Multidimensional Peacekeeping
UN involvement and civil war peace agreement implementation
Finding critical trusters
In the Shadow of Power
Civil Wars and Foreign Powers
Does Peacekeeping Work?
Peace Time
Making War and Building Peace
Peacemaking in Rwanda
Barriers to Peace in Civil War
How International Relations Affect Civil Conflict
Do UN Interventions Cause Peace? Using Matching to Improve Causal Inference
Where Do the Peacekeepers Go?1
A recipe for success? Ingredients of a successful peacekeeping mission
Explaining peacekeeping performance
Peacekeeping in the Democratic Republic of Congo
The use of force in UN peacekeeping
United Nations peacekeeping personnel commitments, 1990–2011
Development Consequences of Armed Conflict
Military Responses to Refugee Disasters
Paving the Road to Hell
Committing to Peace
Interstate Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping and the Contagion of Armed Conflict
Deadly Combat over Natural Resources
Managing Threat, Cost, and Incentive to Kill
It Takes Two
Managing Mistrust
Third-party Interventions and the Duration of Intrastate Conflicts
Explaining the Severity of Civil Wars
Ruthless Rulers
The Peacekeeping-Peacemaking Dilemma
From Armed Conflict to War
From Loss to Looting? Battlefield Costs and Rebel Incentives for Violence
Making and Keeping Peace
The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement
Refugees and the Spread of Civil War
Pitfalls and Prospects in the Peacekeeping Literature
Veto Players and Civil War Duration
United Nations Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection in Civil War
Information, Agreement Design, and the Durability of Civil War Settlements
Bargaining and Learning While Fighting
Making the Most of Statistical Analyses
Persistent Fighting and Shifting Power
On the Frontline Every Day? Subnational Deployment of United Nations Peacekeepers
Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace? International Intervention and the Duration of Peace After Civil War
Introducing the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset
Give War a Chance
Armed Conflict and Peace Agreements
Armed Conflict 1946-2001
Dyadic Dimensions of Armed Conflict, 1946-2007
One-Sided Violence Against Civilians in War
International Peacebuilding
Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War
Civil Wars Kill and Maim People-Long After the Shooting Stops
| Unique citing works | 160 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 14,55 |
| Citation span | 2015 - 2026 (12) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 158 |