The Spectrum of Teaching Styles in Physical Education
A Feasibility Study on Children’s Physical Fitness and Self-Perception
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22045640 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Domenico Monacis (0000-0001-6000-7579, Pegaso University, corresponding author), Giacomo Pascali (0009-0003-1617-403X, University of Salento), Angel-Alex Haisan (0000-0002-0565-405X, 1 Decembrie 1918 University), Matteo Bibba (0009-0002-1071-3306, University of Salento), Dario Colella (0000-0002-8676-4540, University of Salento) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 576 |
| Publication date | 2026-04-04 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Education Sciences (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2227-7102 • E-ISSN: 2227-7102 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT) |
| DOI | 10.3390/educsci16040576 |
| OpenAlex | W7150793488 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 71 |
This pilot study investigates the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of an experimental intervention based on practice variability and teaching styles’ variation, gathering preliminary data on changes in physical fitness and self-perception in primary school children. The sample consists of 142 children (boys = 76, age = 8.97 ± 0.82; girls = 66, age = 9.03 ± 0.77) recruited from one school participating in the SBAM! Project. Physical fitness components were assessed before (t0) and after (t1) a 4-month intervention protocol using the following physical fitness measures: BMI cutoff, standing long jump, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, medicine ball throw (1 kg), and 20 m slalom. Self-perception was assessed with a validated questionnaire. The pre-experimental didactic intervention involved motor tasks based on practice variability to promote inclusion, following the principles of non-linear pedagogy. Pre-and post-intervention changes were analyzed using multivariate analysis accounting for gender and BMI cutoff. The results showed statistically significant differences (p
Generalizability theory · Physical activity · Physical education · Physical fitness · Research design · Children's Physical and Motor Development · Physical Education and Pedagogy · Sports Performance and Training
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Definitions, Foundations and Associations of Physical Literacy
Extended international ( Iotf ) body mass index cut‐offs for thinness, overweight and obesity
Body Mass Index
Field-based fitness assessment in young people
The Concept of Physical Literacy
Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health
European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9–17 years
Learning Versus Performance
A Developmental Perspective on the Role of Motor Skill Competence in Physical Activity
Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1
Measuring validity and reliability of the Italian version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children in overweight and obese children
Educational Research on the Use of Virtual Reality Combined with a Practice Teaching Style in Physical Education
Are physical education teachers’ autonomy-supportive behaviors related to high-school students’ actual game-play performance
An ecological dynamics conceptualisation of physical ‘education’
Applying a Task Progression to the Divergent Discovery Style of Teaching
Effect of Linear and Nonlinear Pedagogy Physical Education Interventions on Children’s Physical Activity
Can Enjoyment and Physical Self-Perception Mediate the Relationship between BMI and Levels of Physical Activity? Preliminary Results from the Regional Observatory of Motor Development in Italy
A Physical Self-Efficacy Scale for Children
Analysis of self-perceived use of spectrum of teaching styles in Italian physical education teachers
Students’ perceptions of teaching styles use and motivation to participate in PE
Greek preservice physical education teachers’ mental models of production and reproduction teaching styles
The Spectrum of Teaching Styles and models-based practice for physical education
Physical education pre-service teachers’ perceptions of learning about the spectrum of teaching styles and its role in their pedagogical awareness and practice
Understanding the role of basic psychological needs in motivating and demotivating teaching styles
Analysis of teachers’ cooperative learning strategies and practices in physical education
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |