The Social Motivational Orientations in Sport Scale (SMOSS)

Validation for Portuguese Physical Education Students

Bibliographic Data

ID22049075
AuthorsCristiana Bessa (0000-0002-0218-9009, Universidade do Porto, corresponding author), Sara Mesquita da Silva (Universidade do Porto), Claudio Farias (0000-0002-1364-0539, Universidade do Porto), Ivo Mesquita (0000-0001-5985-9686, Universidade do Porto)
Year2024
Volume14
Issue10
Pages1038
Publication date2024-09-24
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEducation Sciences (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2227-7102 • E-ISSN: 2227-7102
PublisherMDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT)
DOI10.3390/educsci14101038
OpenAlexW4402773899
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited35

Social goals are increasingly seen as motivational factors for youth sports participation and can strongly motivate participation and engagement, not only in structured sports contexts but also in physical education (PE), given the opportunities for social interaction with peers and the presence of skills like communication, cooperation, and competition within groups. The Social Motivational Orientations in Sport Scale (SMOSS) measures three types of social goals in sports participation: affiliation, status, and recognition. The current study aimed to adapt and validate the SMOSS for the Portuguese context, using a sample of 460 PE students (14–19 years old, 58.9% female). The confirmatory factor analysis results supported the three-factor model (affiliation, recognition, and status), after excluding two items. This adapted 13-item SMOSS demonstrated invariance across genders and showed good internal consistency across its three dimensions. It also exhibited convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. These findings indicate that the Portuguese version of the SMOSS is a valid and reliable instrument. It is now well suited for use by schools, teachers, and psychologists to effectively assess PE students’ social goals. Additionally, the SMOSS can assist in evaluating intervention programs aimed at enhancing students’ social motivation, thus contributing to more effective educational and developmental strategies in PE settings

Mathematics education · Physical education · Portuguese · Applied Psychology · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports · Physical Education and Pedagogy · Psychology · Social Psychology · Youth Development and Social Support

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Open DOIOpen Access