Determinants of psychological distress among individuals who are aware of their HIV serostatus in South Africa

Findings from the 2017 national HIV prevalence, incidence, behavior, and communication survey

Bibliographic Data

ID22069580
AuthorsNoloyiso Vondo (0000-0001-5996-5171, Human Sciences Research Council, corresponding author), Musawenkosi Mabaso (0000-0002-9475-2048, Human Sciences Research Council), Thembelihle Ginyana, Thembelihle P Ginyana (Human Sciences Research Council), Lesiba Malope (Human Sciences Research Council), Sizulu Moyo (0000-0002-5296-3242, Human Sciences Research Council), Nompumelelo Zungu (0000-0003-1275-2317, Human Sciences Research Council), Olive Shisana (0000-0001-7566-9145, University of Cape Town)
Year2024
Volume12
Pages1387878-1387878
Publication date2024-05-23
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387878
PMID38846607
OpenAlexW4398790167
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited40

Introduction Psychological distress is a growing public health challenge among people living with HIV. This study investigated the prevalence of psychological distress among individuals who know their HIV positive or negative serostatus in South Africa using 2017 data from a nationwide cross-sectional household-based population survey. Methods The data for this secondary analysis was collected using a multi-stage stratified cluster randomized sampling design. Multivariable backward stepwise generalized linear regression models were fitted to determine factors associated with psychological distress as measured by the Kessler Scale (K10) among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals who know their serostatus in South Africa. Results Of 18,662 participants, psychological distress was 27.4% (95% CI: 25.3–29.7) among those HIV-positive and 20.1% (95% C: 18.8–21.4) among those HIV-negative. The odds of psychological distress were significantly higher among HIV-positive individuals who rated their health as fair/poor [AOR = 1.22 (95% CI: 1.09–1.35), p < 0.001], and the odds were lower among those residing in rural formal/farm areas [AOR = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78–0.93), p < 0.001], and those with tertiary education level [AOR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78–0.99), p = 0.033]. The odds of psychological distress in HIV-negative individuals were significantly higher among females than males [AOR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.05–1.14), p < 0.001], high-risk alcohol drinkers [AOR = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.02–1.57), p = 0.035] and hazardous alcohol drinkers [AOR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01–1.18), p = 0.028] than abstainers and those who rated their health as fair/poor rather than excellent/good [AOR = 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10–1.26), p < 0.001]. Conclusion The study underscores the importance of addressing, alcohol misuse and socio-structural inequalities linked to gender and race-based disparities, such as low educational attainment and unemployment, as critical factors associated with psychological distress in the study population

Cross-sectional study · Distress · Environmental health · Logistic regression · Odds · Odds ratio · Population · Public health · Serostatus · Viral load · Clinical Psychology · Demography · Family Caregiving in Mental Illness · HIV-related health complications and treatments · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions · Medicine · Immunology · Internal Medicine

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