Temporal trend and influencing factors of high-risk pregnancy in China
A nationwide longitudinal analysis
Bibliographic Data
Background High-risk pregnancy was a major challenge to sustainably reduce maternal mortality rate to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in China. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of high-risk pregnancy rate in China and to explore the influence of socioeconomic factors. Methods Panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2016 were extracted from the China Statistical Yearbooks and Health Statistical Yearbooks. We firstly adapted JoinPoint regression model to describe the temporal trend of high-risk pregnancy rate. Then, an auto-regressive integrated moving average model was built to predict high-risk pregnancy rate from 2017 to 2030. Finally, a linear mixed model was employed to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic factors on high-risk pregnancy rate at the provincial level. Results The high-risk pregnancy rate increased substantially with an average annual percent change of 6.06% (95% CI: 5.70, 6.51%) from 1996 to 2016 in China. Except Tibet, the high-risk pregnancy rate of other 30 provinces all presented an upward trend with an average annual percent change ranging from 1.86% (95% CI: 1.47, 2.35%) to 11.15% (95% CI: 9.22, 13.10%). The predicted high-risk pregnancy rate would up to 38.76% (95% CI: 31.66, 45.85%) in 2030 in China. The number of hospital beds per 1,000 population was negatively associated with high-risk pregnancy rate ( β = −0.0476, 95% CI: −0.0767, −0.0185). While female illiteracy and GRP per capita were positively correlated with high-risk pregnancy rate, the coefficient was 0.0127 (95% CI: 0.0050, 0.0203) and 0.1717 (95% CI: −0.0205, 0.3639) respectively. Conclusion The high-risk pregnancy ratio in China has been increasing and sustains an upward trend, posing great challenge to maternal health improvement in China. Healthcare resources and other socioeconomic factors have significant effect on high-risk pregnant rate, such findings can provide evidence-based implications for long-term policy-making in healthcare resource allocation, urban development and gender equality. Constant efforts by all society should be made to enhance maternal health to achieve the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals and Healthy China 2030
China · Functional illiteracy · Per capita · Population · Pregnancy · Socioeconomic status · Trend analysis · COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction · Global Maternal and Child Health · Reproductive Health and Contraception
Global causes of maternal death
A global analysis of the determinants of maternal health and transitions in maternal mortality
A Lancet Commission on 70 years of women's reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in China
Social and Structural Determinants of Health Inequities in Maternal Health
The Nutrition Transition and Obesity in the Developing World
Economic Status, Education and Empowerment
The Epidemiologic Transition
Socioeconomic and health system determinants of maternal health inequities across Chinese provinces (2009–2021)
Toward SDG 3 in a developing nation
Trends, influencing factors and prediction analysis of under-five and maternal mortality rates in China from 1991 to 2020
Reducing maternal mortality in China in the era of the two-child policy
Burden of multiple high-risk factors in pregnancy before and after the universal two-child policy in Chinese women
Pregnancy with multiple high-risk factors
Efficiency and equity of bed utilization in China’s health institutions
Extending access to essential services against constraints
Educational level as a predictor of the incidences of non-communicable diseases among middle-aged Japanese
Changes in the characteristics and outcomes of high-risk pregnant women who delivered prior to and after China’s universal two-child policy
The utilization of antenatal care among rural-to-urban migrant women in Shanghai
Trends in infant mortality and stillbirth rates in Scotland by socio-economic position, 2000–2018
The impact of internet medical service on rural gender inequality in health opportunity
Out-of-pocket costs for facility-based maternity care in three African countries
Analysis of education level in access and use of health care services, ISA-Capital, São Paulo, Brazil, 2003 and 2015
Gender inequality, family planning, and maternal and child care in a rural Chinese county
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |