Patterns of lifestyle risk behaviors for cardiovascular disease in family caregivers
A latent class analysis
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22080554 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Soojung Ahn (0000-0002-4234-3576, Boston College, corresponding author), Elisa H Son (0000-0002-3988-7492, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center), Mulubrhan F Mogos (0000-0001-6210-070X, Vanderbilt University), James M Muchira (0000-0003-4786-5725, Vanderbilt University), Ying Sheng (0000-0002-1148-2936, Vanderbilt University), Chorong Park (0000-0002-9762-3620, Seoul National University), Lena J Lee (0000-0002-2086-993X, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 13 |
| Pages | 1593898-1593898 |
| Publication date | 2025-06-17 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1593898 |
| PMID | 40600154 |
| OpenAlex | W4411389019 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 58 |
Introduction: Lifestyle risk behaviors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) often co-occur. However, little is known about their co-occurrence patterns among family caregivers, a high-risk population for CVD. This study aimed to identify distinct latent classes of lifestyle risk behaviors for CVD among caregivers and to examine socio-demographic, health-related, and caregiving characteristics associated with membership in the latent classes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey 5 Cycle 3, involving 643 unpaid family caregivers in the United States. The lifestyle risk behaviors for CVD included current cigarette use, current alcohol consumption, low physical activity, prolonged sedentary time, low fruit intake, and low vegetable intake, as defined by established guidelines. We performed latent class analysis to identify unobserved subgroups based on these multiple lifestyle risk behaviors. Subsequently, we conducted multinomial logistic regression to investigate socio-demographic, health-related, and caregiving characteristics associated with latent class membership. Results: 64.1%). In unadjusted models, older caregivers (≥65 years) were more likely to belong to Class 2, relative to Class 1, compared to those aged 18-49 years. Caregivers with perceived financial difficulties, psychological distress, low self-efficacy in health management, and poor sleep quality were more likely to belong to Class 3, rather than Class 1, compared to their counterparts. Additionally, dementia care and caregiving ≥ 20 h/week were significantly associated with Class 3 membership. In the adjusted model, psychological distress remained significant. Caregivers reporting psychological distress were more likely to belong to Class 3 rather than Class 1, compared to those without psychological distress. Conclusion: Our findings reveal the presence of subgroups of caregivers with unique patterns of lifestyle risk behaviors, with most not meeting the recommended levels of health behaviors. Future studies should consider these co-occurring patterns along with the key factors associated with higher-risk lifestyle behavior patterns when developing interventions to promote caregivers' cardiovascular health
Disease · Latent class model · Machine learning · Cardiac Health and Mental Health · Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors · Computer Science · Family Caregiving in Mental Illness · Medicine · Artificial Intelligence · Gerontology · Internal Medicine
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Latent Class Analysis
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2026 - 2026 (1) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |