Informing future seasonal influenza and Covid-19 vaccination campaigns based on past experience

A mixed-method approach with eligible populations and healthcare professionals

Bibliographic Data

ID22090590
AuthorsJorge Oliveira (0000-0002-3467-4981, Universidade Lusófona), Bárbara Gonzalez (0000-0001-5142-256X, University of Lisbon, corresponding author), Teresa Mendes (0000-0003-4218-2765, Universidade Lusófona), Paula Paulino (0000-0001-8249-5366, University of Lisbon), Rui Gaspar (0000-0002-0943-6658, Universidade Lusófona), Bruna António (Universidade Lusófona), Diana Costa (0000-0002-5049-4518, Direção Geral do Território), Leonor Q Pinto (Direção Geral do Território), Andreia Cátia Jorge Silva Da Costa (0000-0002-2727-4402), Andréia Costa (0000-0002-5331-9934, University of Lisbon), Miguel Telo De Arriaga (0000-0002-9183-9121, Direção Geral do Território)
Year2025
Volume13
Pages1616402-1616402
Publication date2025-08-22
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2025.1616402
PMID40917412
OpenAlexW4413436613
LanguageEN
References cited24

Background: Seasonal vaccination campaigns against influenza and COVID-19 are critical for protecting vulnerable populations. Scientific evidence on past campaigns is essential for the effectiveness of future campaigns. This study aims to: (1) assess predictors of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination intentions (2) explore perceived barriers and facilitators of 2023-2024 seasonal vaccination campaign. Methods: A cross-sectional study employing both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted. The quantitative study involved a sample of 231 respondents from Portugal, including healthcare professionals and vaccination eligible population: individuals over 60 years of age, and individuals with chronic diseases. Quantitative data were collected via an online survey to assess vaccination literacy, attitudes, and future vaccination intention. The qualitative study consisted of four focus groups with a total of 17. Participants: Vaccinated/unvaccinated individuals and healthcare professionals. Thematic analysis was used to explore perceptions of eligible populations about this vaccination campaign. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed that attitudes toward vaccination and factors related to personal/family health predicted future vaccination intentions for influenza and COVID-19. Thematic analysis identified key facilitators, such as positive perceptions of pharmacies as vaccination sites and an early start of the campaign specifically for vaccinated groups. Barriers were related to campaign communication, fear of side effects, vaccination fatigue, and the co-occurrence of high temperatures during the campaign start. Unvaccinated individuals expressed lower perceived susceptibility and severity. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of clear communication, addressing vaccination fatigue, and considering environmental factors. Improving proximity between health professionals as trusted information sources and the population, alongside customized communication, may also enhance vaccination uptake among the eligible population. The potential influence of weather conditions on the acceptance of vaccination campaigns is a topic that deserves further consideration in the future, within the scope of climate changes

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak · Disease · Environmental health · Family medicine · Health care · Health professionals · Medical emergency · Outbreak · Pandemic · Pathology · Political science · Seasonal influenza · Vaccination · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Influenza Virus Research Studies · Medicine · Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy · Virology

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