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Can Hahnemann’s Conceptualization of the Active Principle of Highly Diluted Potentized Preparations Contribute to Today’s Research

Bibliographic Data

ID22134304
AuthorsRenate Künne (0000-0002-9153-0730, Witten/Herdecke University, corresponding author), Stephan Baumgartner (0000-0001-5772-8981, University of Bern), Peter Heusser (0000-0003-4409-3010, Witten/Herdecke University), Sandra Würtenberger (0000-0003-1329-9665, German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Year2026
Volume11
Issue4
Pages104
Publication date2026-06-25
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePhilosophies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2409-9287 • E-ISSN: 2409-9287
PublisherMDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT)
DOI10.3390/philosophies11040104
OpenAlexW7165968929
LanguageEN
References cited39

The German physician Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843) established the basic principles of homeopathy as a medical specialty 200 years ago. Nowadays homeopathy is generally categorized as a method of complementary medicine, because its principles seem difficult to relate to modern western biomedicine and due to a different philosophical background. One important aspect is that Hahnemann ascribed the mode of action of homeopathic remedies—highly diluted potentized preparations (HDPPs)—to a non-physical force, called geistartig (literally translated as spirit-like). However, the term geistartig is nowadays difficult to understand and to translate, and it is open to misunderstanding. To build a bridge to today’s science, we aimed to clarify the meaning of geistartig. We therefore analyzed the complete body of Hahnemann’s publications and found that Hahnemann provided a consistent conceptualization of geistartig. The term geistartig encompasses the dynamic (force-like) effects of HDPPs and includes substance-specific gestalt-organizing effects, which differ from the known physical forces. A detailed analysis reveals that the hypothesis of such non-physical gestalt-organizing forces agrees with the concepts of modern biology and can also be tested empirically. We thus conclude that Hahnemann’s concept of the active principle of HDPPs can be related to contemporary research

Biomedicine · Conceptualization · Homeopathy · Medical practice · Biofield Effects and Biophysics · Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies · Pain Management and Placebo Effect

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