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Volunteering in Transition

Psychological Motivations Across Traditional, Episodic, and Digital Forms

Bibliographic Data

ID22420170
AuthorsMutti (0009-0009-9050-4416, Department of Psychology Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan Italy), Francesco Tommasi (0000-0001-6096-8062, Department of Social and Political Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy), Biagio Marano (0009-0009-4140-8807, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphological Sciences With a Focus on Transplantation, Oncology, and Regenerative Medicine Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Reggio Emilia Italy), Flora Gatti (0000-0003-2149-6570, Department of Social Sciences Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy), Federica De Cordova (0000-0003-2852-3789, Department of Human Sciences Università di Verona Verona Italy), Anna M Meneghini (0000-0002-0685-4360, Department of Human Sciences Università di Verona Verona Italy), Fortuna Procentese (0000-0002-1617-0165, Department of Humanities Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy), Elena Marta (0000-0002-2119-5148, Department of Psychology Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan Italy), Maura Pozzi (0000-0003-2849-9344, Department of Psychology Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan Italy)
Year2026
Volume36
Issue4
Publication date2026-07-01
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Community & Applied Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1052-9284 • E-ISSN: 1099-1298
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/casp.70302
OpenAlexW7168098320
LanguageEN
References cited57

Episodic and digital forms of engagement have been marking volunteering as in transition. Individuals tend to engage in volunteering activities in multiple ways other than traditional volunteering, that is, an enduring activity, long‐term and organization‐centred volunteering. While episodic volunteering refers to occasional forms of engagement, digital volunteering represents the new avenue of engagement via information technologies and the internet. This research examines how motivations to start and maintain engagement differ among individuals across various volunteering forms. We did so by conducting a qualitative study based on nine focus groups involving 67 volunteers (age mean = 44, 45% female). Reflexive thematic analysis confirms the applicability of functionalist motivations yet identifies emergent motives unique to each volunteering form. Traditional and digital volunteers initiate volunteering for social change, whereas episodic volunteers prioritize practical engagement. Regarding sustained commitment, traditional volunteers emphasize organizational belonging, episodic volunteers focus on perceived community impact, and digital volunteers prioritize autonomy and personal growth. These results demonstrate how the evolving landscape of volunteerism reflects shifts in individual motivations, contributing new insights to social and community psychology.

Autonomy · Focus group · Qualitative research · Reflexivity · Social engagement · Thematic analysis · Community Health and Development · Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering · Tourism, Volunteerism, and Development

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