Technology of computer analysis of the geometry of digital copies of sculptures for automatic image recognition (using the example of the «deer» stone from Tuva)

The article details one of the modern computer methods for extracting relief forms on 3D models of sculptures obtained via photogrammetry. The developed complex of sequential actions is aimed at automating the process of detecting images on stone surfaces, which significantly reduces labor costs compared to manual tracing and increases the required accuracy of results. The proposed method involves computer analysis of the geometry of digital copies using specialized algorithms trained to distinguish flat, concave, and convex areas. The operation of the entire implemented program is demonstrated using the well-known "deer" stone exhibited in the stelae hall of the "Altyn Doska" branch of the National Museum of the Republic of Tuva (Kyzyl, Russia). It shows sufficient effectiveness in detecting complex images, including animal figures and runic signs. The combination of two complementary algorithms enables full visualization of relief forms without the limitations of existing non-specialized approaches. The presented computer-generated renders and graphic tracings of the "Saygyn stela" were compared with previously created manual copies. This verification not only demonstrated the effectiveness of the presented method but also contributed to refining the images. The article emphasizes the potential of digital technologies in archaeology and notes the necessity of mandatory expert evaluation of the results. The developed algorithm is patented and already used in research activities. Additionally, an online application has been created for web viewing of 3D models with a function demonstrating automatic image highlighting.

Computer graphics · Digital image · Function (biology) · Image (mathematics) · Process (computing) · Sculpture · Tracing · Visualization · 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage · Advanced Theoretical and Applied Studies in Material Sciences and Geometry · Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction