Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population

Bibliographic Data

ID23313104
AuthorsKurt Kroenke (0000-0002-0114-4669, Regenstrief Institute, corresponding author), Tara W Strine (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Robert L Spitzer (New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute), Janet B W Williams (0000-0003-0547-2931, New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute), Joyce T Berry (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration), Ali H Mokdad (0000-0002-4994-3339, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Year2009
Volume114
Issue1-3
Pages163-173
Publication date2009-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Affective Disorders (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0165-0327 • E-ISSN: 1573-2517
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.026
PMID18752852
OpenAlexW2048533792
LanguageEN
Citations received665
References cited53

Anhedonia · Anxiety · Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System · Depression (economics) · Depressive symptoms · Major depressive disorder · Mood · Patient Health Questionnaire · Population · Psychiatry · Quality of life (healthcare) · Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) · Cardiac Health and Mental Health · Clinical Psychology · Epidemiology · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Mental Health Treatment and Access · Treatment of Major Depression

  • Prevalence and Correlates of Non-Alcoholic Beverage Consumption Among People Living with HIV

    Open Access•Jacob Bleasdale, Eric W Schrimshaw et al.•AIDS and Behavior•2026

  • Unmet Pet Caregiving Needs are Associated with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among People Living with HIV

    Open Access•Selena Gutierrez, Jacqueline Nicole Jones et al.•AIDS and Behavior•2026

  • Self-silencing, resilience, depression, & anti-retroviral treatment (ART) adherence among racially and ethnically minoritized women living with HIV during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Mariam Davtyan, Hanelle Jinsun Park-Lee et al.•AIDS Care•2026

  • Can I Trust You? A Longitudinal Study of the Consequences of Suspicion Among Latina/o Students

    Open Access•Elizabeth Quinn-Jensen, Tessa L Dover et al.•Social Psychological and…•2026

  • Use of different strategies to make one’s bisexual+ identity visible

    Open Access•Brian A Feinstein, Christina Dyar et al.•Stigma and Health•2020

  • Enacted HIV-related stigma and breast-health beliefs and practices among African American women living with HIV

    Open Access•Yamile Molina, John R Scheel et al.•Stigma and Health•2017

  • Intersectional discrimination, psychological distress, and physical health symptoms among Latine sexual minority adults

    Open Access•Roberto Renteria, Cristalis Capielo Rosario et al.•Stigma and Health•2025

  • Out of the closet, but not out of the woods

    Open Access•Benjamin F Shepherd, Cindy J Chang et al.•Psychology of Sexual Orientation…•2022

  • Disclosure, minority stress, and mental health among bisexual, pansexual, and queer (Bi+) adults

    Open Access•Brian A Feinstein, Manuel Hurtado et al.•Psychology of Sexual Orientation…•2021

  • Doomscrolling

    Open Access•Christina Dyar, Shariell Crosby et al.•Psychology of Sexual Orientation…•2022

  • Race/ethnicity and sexual orientation disparities in mental health, sexism, and social support among women veterans

    Keren Lehavot, Kerry L Beckman et al.•Psychology of Sexual Orientation…•2019

  • Perceived threat of Covid-19 among sexual minority and heterosexual women

    Emma C Potter, Doyle P Tate et al.•Psychology of Sexual Orientation…•2020

  • Psychological inflexibility mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes

    Open Access•Helen M Makriyianis, Emily A Adams et al.•Journal of Contextual Behavioral…•2019

  • Latina/o parent activation in children’s mental health treatment

    Gabriela L Stein, Andrea L Kulish et al.•Journal of Latina/o Psychology•2017

  • Examination of the factorial structure of adverse childhood experiences and recommendations for three subscale scores.

    Dabney Ford, DEREK C FORD et al.•Psychology of Violence•2014

  • The GAD-7 and the PHQ-8 exhibit the same mathematical pattern of item responses in the general population

    Open Access•Shinichiro Tomitaka, Toshi A Furukawa•BMC Psychology•2021

  • Understanding the roles of religious comfort and strain on depressive symptoms in an inpatient psychiatric setting

    Alexis D Abernethy, John Mcnab Currier et al.•Psychology of Religion and…•2020

  • Development and initial validation of the Mount Sinai Resilience Scale

    Open Access•Jonathan DePierro, Deborah B Marin et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2023

  • Identity adjustment among Afghanistan and Iraq war veterans with reintegration difficulty

    Open Access•Robert J Orazem, Patricia A Frazier et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2016

  • Does exposure exacerbate symptoms in veterans with PTSD and alcohol use disorder

    Jessica C Tripp, Moira Haller et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2020

  • Associations between justice involvement and PTSD and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt among post-9/11 veterans

    Open Access•Ryan Holliday, Claire A Hoffmire et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2021

  • PTSD and comorbid depression

    Open Access•Shane W Adams, Rosemarie M Bowler et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2018

  • Sleep problems may mediate associations between rumination and PTSD and depressive symptoms among OIF/OEF veterans

    Ashley Borders, David J Rothman et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2014

  • Burnout, depression, and suicidal ideation among physicians before and during Covid-19 and the contribution of perfectionism to physicians’ suicidal risk

    Open Access•Dafna Kleinhendler-Lustig, Sami Hamdan et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2023

  • Evaluation of the E-Mental Health Mindfulness-Based and Skills-Based “CoPE It” Intervention to Reduce Psychological Distress in Times of Covid-19

    Open Access•Alexander Bäuerle, Lisa Maria Jahre et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2021

  • Resilient, but for how long? The relationships between temperament, burnout, and mental health in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Joshua Gertler, Lourdes P Dale et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2023

  • Psychosocial Correlates of Depression and Anxiety in the United Arab Emirates During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Justin Thomas, Mariapaola Barbato et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2020

  • Step-by-Step, an E-Mental Health Intervention for Depression

    Open Access•Melissa Joanne Harper Shehadeh, Jinane Abi Ramia et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2020

  • Health Anxiety and Its Correlates in the General Chinese Population During the Covid-19 Epidemic

    Open Access•Jia Luo, Pengchong Wang et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2021

  • Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Andrew Stickley, Aya Shirama et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2022

  • Evaluation Design of Effichronic

    Open Access•Siok Swan Tan, Marta Pisano Gonzalez et al.•International Journal of…•2019

  • Is Living in a U.S. Coastal City Good for One’s Health

    Open Access•Paul A Sandifer, Alexander S Braud et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Characterizing Mental Health Treatment Utilization among Individuals Exposed to the 2001 World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks 14–15 Years Post-Disaster

    Open Access•Melanie H Jacobson, Christina Norman et al.•International Journal of…•2019

  • Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Professional Development Program for Primary School Teachers in the Czech Republic

    Open Access•Kamila Dvořáková, Laura García Valladares et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Alcohol and Cannabis Use Trajectories and Outcomes in a Sample of Hispanic, White, and Asian Sexual and Gender Minority Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Michael S Dunbar, Daniel Siconolfi et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Long-Term Outcomes of Service Women Injured on Combat Deployment

    Open Access•Jessica R Watrous, Cameron T McCabe et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Urban Stress Indirectly Influences Psychological Symptoms through Its Association with Distress Tolerance and Perceived Social Support among Adults Experiencing Homelessness

    Open Access•Daphne C Hernandez, Sajeevika S Daundasekara et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Elections have (health) consequences

    Open Access•Sankar Mukhopadhyay•Economics & Human Biology•2022

  • E-Cigarette Use Among High School Students—a Cross-Sectional Study of Associated Risk Factors for the Use of Flavour-Only and Nicotine Vapes

    Open Access•Janni Leung, Calvert Tisdale et al.•International Journal of Mental…•2023

  • The Association Between Substance Use Disorder and Depression During the Covid-19 Lockdown in Spain and the Moderating Role of Social Support

    Open Access•Lydia Hanaa Faris, Aina Gabarrell‐Pascuet et al.•International Journal of Mental…•2021

  • Validation of the Turkish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)

    Open Access•Gizem Arıkan, A Meltem Üstündağ-Budak et al.•New Directions for Child and…•2020

  • The Faith Trial

    Antoinette Schoenthaler, EdD Antoinette Schoenthaler et al.•Ethnicity & Disease•2015

  • Comparative Effectiveness of Coalitions Versus Technical Assistance for Depression Quality Improvement in Persons with Multiple Chronic Conditions

    Benjamin Springgate, Lingqi Tang et al.•Ethnicity & Disease•2018

  • Mindfulness as a mediator and moderator in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depression

    Open Access•Haley McKeen, Megan Hook et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Current depression among women in California according to residence in the California-Mexico border region

    Open Access•Suzanne Ryan-Ibarra, Suzanne Ryan‐Ibarra et al.•Revista Panamericana de Salud…•2012

  • Logistics of collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical practice

    Open Access•Matthias Rose, Andrea Bezjak•Quality of Life Research•2009

  • Picture Perfect

    Open Access•Sophia J Lamp, Alyssa Cugle et al.•Sex Roles•2019

  • Risk and Resilience Factors in Urban American Indian and Alaska Native Youth during the Coronavirus Pandemic

    Open Access•Elizabeth J D’amico, Elizabeth J D''Amico et al.•American Indian Culture and…•2020

  • Bidirectional Associations Between Pain and Perceived Stress Among Veterans

    Shaddy K Saba, Jordan P Davis et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2024

  • Digital interventions for the treatment of depression

    Isaac Moshe, Yannik Terhorst et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2021

  • Successes of a National Study of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program

    Marcia G Ory, Sangnam Ahn et al.•Medical Care•2013

  • The relationship between materialism and personal well-being

    Helga Dittmar, Ross Bond et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2014

  • Making sense of misfortune

    Open Access•Mitchell J Callan, Aaron C Kay et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2014

  • Impacts of the Care for Teachers program on teachers’ social and emotional competence and classroom interactions.

    Patricia A Jennings, Joshua L Brown et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•2017

  • Socioeconomic status and well-being during Covid-19

    Open Access•Connie R Wanberg, Borbala Csillag et al.•Journal of Applied Psychology•2020

  • Job burnout and depression

    Sharon Toker, Michel Biron et al.•Journal of Applied Psychology•2012

  • The mediating role of depressive symptoms among Turkish population related to gender and low back pain

    Open Access•Nadire Gülçin Yıldız, Halide Z Aydın et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • The relationship between gender identity and depressive symptoms in adolescents

    Open Access•Chenyu Hou, Chia-Hui Hou et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Strong Hearts, healthy communities

    Open Access•Rebecca A Seguin-Fowler, Rebecca A Seguin et al.•BMC Public Health•2015

  • Insights into youth nutritional status in Serbia

    Open Access•Sanja Stanisavljević, Aleksandar Milovanović et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Trajectories of loneliness during Covid ‐19 pandemic and associations with mental health and substance use

    Open Access•Jennifer M Cadigan, Brian H Calhoun et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2023

  • Social support is fundamentally important for mental health among adolescents and emerging adults

    Open Access•Amanda Mitchell, Alicia Mitchell et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2024

  • A longitudinal assessment of the responsiveness of the Icecap-A in a randomised controlled trial of a knee pain intervention

    Open Access•T Keeley, Hareth Al-Janabi et al.•Quality of Life Research•2015

  • Individual differences in the long-term impact of the pandemic

    Open Access•Carolyn E Schwartz, Katrina Borowiec et al.•Quality of Life Research•2024

  • Comorbidity amplifies the effects of post-9/11 posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories on health-related quality of life

    Open Access•Jiehui Li, Kimberly Caramanica Zweig et al.•Quality of Life Research•2017

  • The Personal Identity Test

    Open Access•Elizabeth Tryon, Warren W Tryon et al.•Psychological Reports•2025

  • Profiles of Intolerance of Uncertainty Among 108,540 Adolescents

    Open Access•Haoxian Ye, Chunling Chen et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2023

  • Living alone and depression

    Sarah T Stahl, Scott R Beach et al.•Aging & Mental Health•2017

  • Females have more complex patterns of childhood adversity

    Open Access•Ida Haahr-Pedersen, Camila Perera et al.•European Journal of Psychotraumatol…•2020

  • Is teachers’ mental health and wellbeing associated with students’ mental health and wellbeing?

    Open Access•Sarah Harding, Richard Morris et al.•Journal of Affective Disorders•2019

  • Adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and excessive alcohol use

    Open Access•Rosalyn D Lee, Jieru Chen•Child Abuse & Neglect•2017

  • The Oregon Experiment — Effects of Medicaid on Clinical Outcomes

    Katherine Baicker, Sarah Taubman et al.•New England Journal of Medicine•2013

  • Do racial patterns in psychological distress shed light on the Black–White depression paradox? A systematic review

    Open Access•Donelle M Barnes, David M Barnes et al.•Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric…•2017

  • The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (Covid-19) lockdown in Austria

    Open Access•Christoph Pieh, Sanja Budimir et al.•Journal of Psychosomatic Research•2020

  • Excess Burden of Depression among HIV-Infected Persons Receiving Medical Care in the United States

    Open Access•Ann N Do, Ann N et al.•PLoS ONE•2014

  • The Covid-19 pandemic and mental health of first-year college students

    Open Access•Jane Cooley Fruehwirth, Siddhartha Biswas et al.•PLoS ONE•2021

  • The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales

    Open Access•Kurt Kroenke, Robert L Spitzer et al.•General Hospital Psychiatry•2010

  • Perceived Covid-19-related anti-Asian discrimination predicts post traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Asian and Asian American young adults

    Open Access•Hyeouk Chris Hahm, Yoonsook Ha et al.•Psychiatry Research•2021

  • Empirical evidence of mental health risks posed by climate change

    Open Access•Nick Obradovich, Robyn Migliorini et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2018

  • Teachers' wellbeing and depressive symptoms, and associated risk factors

    Open Access•Judi Kidger, Rowan Brockman et al.•Journal of Affective Disorders•2016

  • Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression

    Eirini Karyotaki, Orestis Efthimiou et al.•JAMA Psychiatry•2021

  • Transgender Noninclusive Healthcare and Delaying Care Because of Fear

    Open Access•Kristie L Seelman, Matthew J P Colón-Diaz et al.•Transgender Health•2017

  • Fear for the future

    Open Access•Inmaculada Boluda-Verdú, Marina Senent-Valero et al.•Journal of Environmental Psychology•2022

  • Long-term impacts of the Care program on teachers' self-reported social and emotional competence and well-being

    Open Access•Patricia A Jennings, Sebrina L Doyle Fosco et al.•Journal of School Psychology•2019

  • Validity/Reliability of PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 Depression Scales Among Adults Living with HIV/Aids in Western Kenya

    Open Access•Patrick O Monahan, Enbal Shacham et al.•Journal of General Internal…•2009

  • Factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Cindy H Liu, Emily Zhang et al.•Psychiatry Research•2020

  • Cigarette Smoking Prevalence Among Adults With HIV Compared With the General Adult Population in the United States

    Rennatus Mdodo, Emma L Frazier et al.•Annals of Internal Medicine•2015

  • Addressing Social Determinants of Health at Well Child Care Visits

    Arvin Garg, Sarah Toy et al.•PEDIATRICS•2015

  • "They just make sure you are breathing"

    Open Access•Joost Vintges, Bassam Abu Hamad et al.•SSM - Qualitative Research in…•2026

  • Factors Associated with ART Adherence and Sustained Viral Suppression Among US Young Adults with HIV, 2015–2022

    Open Access•Kasonde Mwaba, Krishna Kiran Kota et al.•AIDS and Behavior•2026

  • Mental health literacy of adolescents in Bermuda, according to age, gender and race

    Open Access•Daniel Cavanagh, Anthony F Jorm et al.•Health Promotion International•2024

  • Problemas emocionales, precariedad y apoyo social en las personas jóvenes

    Open Access•Érik Dueñas Rello•Papers Revista de Sociologia•2026

  • Publish and perish

    Open Access•Thomas Hanitzsch, Antonia Markiewitz et al.•Journal of Communication•2024

  • Self-efficacy change among diverse family caregivers in dementia care

    Open Access•Deborah M Oyeyemi, Erich J Greene et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2025

  • A Community Choir Intervention to Promote Well-Being Among Diverse Older Adults

    Open Access•Julene K Johnson, Anita L Stewart et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2018

  • The Impact of Sheltering in Place During the Covid-19 Pandemic on Older Adults’ Social and Mental Well-Being

    Open Access•Anne C Krendl, B Perry et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2020

  • Stressors and Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Hispanic Caregivers and Children

    Open Access•Mary Rodríguez-Rabassa, Estefanía Torres-Marrero et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Resilience in the Ranks

    Open Access•Shadi Beshai, Sandeep Mishra et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • A Mixed Methods Exploration of Young Women’s Agency and Mental Health during Covid-19 in Low-Income Communities in Mumbai, India

    Open Access•Marie A Brault, Melissa F Peskin et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Diagnosis of depression based on facial multimodal data

    Open Access•Na Jin, Nani Jin et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2025

  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

    American Psychiatric Association American Psychiatric Association, Ewer Ewer•Diagnostic And Statistical Manual…•2013

  • Validity of the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire Mood Scale (PHQ-9) in the general population

    Open Access•Alexandra Martins, Alexandra Martin et al.•General Hospital Psychiatry•2006

  • Validity and utility of the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire in assessment of 3000 obstetric-gynecologic patients

    Open Access•Robert L Spitzer, Janet B W Williams et al.•American Journal of Obstetrics…•2000

  • Cost of Lost Productive Work Time Among US Workers With Depression

    Walter F Stewart•JAMA•2003

  • The Epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder

    R C Kessler, Patricia Berglund et al.•JAMA•2003

  • Measuring depression outcome with a brief self-report instrument

    Open Access•Bernd Löwe, Kurt Kroenke et al.•Journal of Affective Disorders•2004

  • Screening for Depression in Medical Settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)

    Open Access•Simon Gilbody, David Richards et al.•Journal of General Internal…•2007

  • Using the patient health questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients

    Frederick Y Huang, Henry Chung et al.•Journal of General Internal…•2006

  • Distinguishing Between the Validity and Utility of Psychiatric Diagnoses

    Robert Kendell, A Jablensky•American Journal of Psychiatry•2003

  • The PHQ-9

    Kurt Kroenke, Robert L Spitzer et al.•Journal of General Internal…•2001

  • The PHQ-9

    Kurt Kroenke, Robert L Spitzer•Psychiatric Annals•2002

  • Validation and Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Diagnosing Mental Disorders in 1003 General Hospital Spanish Inpatients

    Crisanto Diez-Quevedo, Crisanto Díez et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2001

  • Psychological Disorders and Distress in Older Primary Care Patients

    Joshua C Klapow, J Klapow•Psychosomatic Medicine•2002

  • Psychiatric Comorbidity and Work Disability in Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases

    Bernd Löwe•Psychosomatic Medicine•2004

  • Retest reliability of surveillance questions on health related quality of life

    E M Andresen, T K Catlin et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2003

  • Monitoring Depression Treatment Outcomes With the Patient Health Questionnaire-9

    Bernd L??we, Bernd L we et al.•Medical Care•2004

  • Global Self-Rated Mental Health

    John A Fleishman, Samuel H Zuvekas•Medical Care•2007

  • Quality of Depression Care in a Population-Based Sample of Patients With Diabetes and Major Depression

    Wayne J Katon, Wayne Katon et al.•Medical Care•2004

Unique citing works665
Citations per year39,12
Citation span2009 - 2026 (18)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 609
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae