Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

The sustainable integration of cultural heritage and tourism

A meta-study

Bibliographic Data

ID23322136
AuthorsTolina Loulanski (0000-0003-4932-7015, Hokkaido University), Vesselin Loulanski (0000-0002-1751-2286, Hokkaido University)
Year2011
Volume19
Issue7
Pages837-862
Publication date2011-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Sustainable Tourism (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0966-9582 • E-ISSN: 1747-7646
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/09669582.2011.553286
OpenAlexW2071969172
LanguageEN
Citations received64
References cited106

This paper presents a cross-disciplinary thematic investigation into the relationship between cultural heritage and tourism. It systematizes evidence on concepts, policies and strategies and provides an interpretive synthesis illuminating the factors deemed critical by researchers for the sustainable integration of heritage and tourism. It seeks to find consilience to lead to a “new age of synthesis”. After an extensive literature review, 483 studies were selected and reviewed, assisted by a qualitative data analysis software (NVivo). The research followed the meta-synthesis approach, particularly meta-ethnography, of identifying findings, grouping findings into categories and grouping categories into synthesized findings, to produce a representative set of 15 synthesis factors. These include local involvement, education and training, authenticity and interpretation, sustainability-centered tourism management, integrated planning, incorporation into a wider sustainable development framework, controlled growth, governance and stakeholder participation, market and product diversification, suitable funding provision, international governance and support systems, a heritage capital approach, effective site management, destination management and a sound theoretical/methodological base. These 15 factors are suggested as the fundamental components of a more efficient theoretical frame and evidence-based policy in the fields of cultural heritage and tourism, aimed at achieving sustainability.

Archaeology · Business · Cultural heritage · Cultural heritage management · Economics · Environmental planning · Environmental resource management · Geography · Heritage tourism · Sustainability · Sustainable tourism · Tourism · Cruise Tourism Development and Management · Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research · Religious Tourism and Spaces

  • Beyond Economic Motives

    Open Access•Imelda Adhi Yanti, Hamka Naping et al.•Humans•2026

  • Unlocking the Economic Potential of Cultural Heritage

    Open Access•Surti, Surti Surti et al.•Journal of Ecohumanism•2024

  • Capítulo 5. La experiencia de Andalucía en el cine. De los viajeros postrománticos a los veraneantes de la Europa occidental (1905-1975)

    Open Access•María C Puche Ruiz•Espejo de Monografías de…•2022

  • Patrimonio local en un mundo global

    Open Access•Iñaki Arrieta Urtizberea, Elodia Hernández León et al.•Revista Memória em Rede•2016

  • Cultural tourism

    Open Access•Greg Richards•Journal of Hospitality and…•2018

  • Emerging business models for the cultural commons. Empirical evidence from creative cultural firms

    Renata Paola Dameri, Sara Moggi•Knowledge Management Research &…•2021

  • Uncovering the impact of cultural heritage on economic growth

    Open Access•Ioannis Kostakis, Sarantis LOLOS•The Annals of Regional Science•2024

  • The Cultural Heritage and the Shaping of Tourist Itineraries in Rural Areas

    Open Access•José Manuel Sánchez Martín, J L Gurría Gascón et al.•ISPRS International Journal of…•2020

  • A Systematic Pathway Study of Sustainable Built Heritage Management

    Open Access•Lei Sun, Luca Guardigli et al.•SAGE Open•2025

  • Economic valuation of sustainable tourism policies

    Open Access•Jaime Blázquez V, Eugenio Díaz-Farina et al.•Tourism Economics•2026

  • Alienation and authenticity in intangible cultural heritage tourism production

    Open Access•Yang Zhang, Timothy J Lee•International Journal of Tourism…•2022

  • Exploring the Impact of Cultural Destinations on Residents' Well‐Being

    Open Access•Samer Elhajjar, Khalid Ibrahim Al‐Sulaiti•International Journal of Tourism…•2024

  • Cultural Routes Through the Perspective of Sustainable Mobility

    Open Access•M Zouridaki, Alexandros Apostolakis et al.•International Journal of Tourism…•2024

  • The adaptive resilience of living cultural heritage in a tourism destination

    Huong T Bui, Thomas E Jones et al.•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2020

  • Are we really progressing sustainable tourism research? A bibliometric analysis

    Brendan Moyle, Brent Moyle et al.•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2021

  • Sustainable development through culture and economy

    Zeynep Coşkun, Irem Didinmez•European Planning Studies•2026

  • Integrating maritime cultural heritage into maritime spatial planning in Estonia

    Open Access•Liisi Lees, Krista Karro et al.•Marine Policy•2023

  • Guidelines from the heritage field for the integration of landscape and heritage planning

    Open Access•Malely Linares Sánchez, Marina López Sánchez et al.•Landscape and Urban Planning•2020

  • Exploring the role of strategic environmental assessment in cultural heritage tourism planning

    Urmila Jha‐Thakur, Fatemeh Khosravi et al.•Impact Assessment and Project…•2021

  • Integrating Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and the Delphi Method in the Conservation of Transhumance Heritage

    Open Access•Lluís Segura, R Ortiz et al.•Heritage•2024

  • Museums and Territories

    Open Access•Antonella Lerario•Heritage•2025

  • Evaluating the Usability and the Personal and Social Acceptance of a Participatory Digital Platform for Cultural Heritage

    Open Access•Zois Koukopoulos, Dimitrios Koukopoulos•Heritage•2018

  • Integrating Fuzzy Delphi and Rough Set Analysis for ICH Festival Planning and Urban Place Branding

    Open Access•Binshan Lin, Hongbo Zhao et al.•Urban Science•2025

  • Innovation in developing isolated coastal villages into sustainable marine tourism villages in West Sumatra, Indonesia

    Open Access•Delmira Syafrini, Lucky Zamzami et al.•Frontiers in Sociology•2026

  • Sustainable Tourism Development of Landscape Heritage in a Rural Community

    Open Access•Lin Zhang, William P Stewart•Built Heritage•2017

  • How do visitors perceive the significance of tangible cultural heritage through a 3D reconstructed immersive visual experience at the Seokguram Grotto, South Korea

    Muhammad Tufail, Jinho Park et al.•Journal of Heritage Tourism•2022

  • Development of intangible cultural heritage as a sustainable tourism resource

    Soojung Kim, Michelle Whitford et al.•Journal of Heritage Tourism•2019

  • The nexus between cultural tourism and social entrepreneurship

    Sojen Pradhan, Laurel Evelyn Dyson et al.•Journal of Heritage Tourism•2022

  • What Can We Weave? Authority, Reconstructing, and Negotiating Heritages Through Archaeological Open-Air Museums

    Open Access•Paul Edward Montgomery Ramírez•Archaeologies•2020

  • Prevailing motives for creating Ottoman heritage packaged tours in Macedonia

    Biljana Petrevska, Ivanka Nestoroska et al.•Journal of Tourism and Cultural…•2019

  • Resident perceptions of rural tourism development

    Jennifer Rockett, Douglas Ramsey•Journal of Tourism and Cultural…•2016

  • Open schooling in heritage, tourism and sustainability

    Open Access•Evangelos Pavlis, Sofia Karampela et al.•Journal of Tourism and Cultural…•2026

  • Just sustainabilities in a coastal craft community

    Cui Baoli, Vuthipong Roadkasamsri•Local Environment•2026

  • The institutional antecedents of sustainable development in cultural heritage tourism

    Open Access•Andrew Ngawenja Mzembe, Ko Koens et al.•Sustainable Development•2023

  • Exploring the knowledge structure and potential research areas of sustainable tourism in sustainable development

    Open Access•Ruohan Tang, Joonho Moon et al.•Sustainable Development•2023

  • When cultures collide

    Rundong Li, AiZhong He et al.•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2026

  • Anadolu’da Kültürel Mirasını Koruyan Pomaklar

    Open Access•Özlem Güzel, Hande AKYURT KURNAZ•Milli Folklor•2023

  • Marketing Cultural Tourism in a Developing Country Setting

    Rupa Sinha, Stephen Pratt•Tourism Culture & Communication•2021

  • Investigating the Influence of the Push and Pull Factors in Eco-Resort Selection to Promote Sustainable Tourism in Bangladesh

    Open Access•Bipasha Sukrana, M A Hassan et al.•Sustainable Futures•2025

  • Stakeholder preference mapping

    Open Access•Eric Lou, Angela Lee et al.•Journal of Cultural Heritage…•2021

  • Local collaboration network in management of built heritage

    Open Access•Noel Biseko Lwoga•Journal of Cultural Heritage…•2017

  • Revitalising heritage

    Mohammed Niyas Kk, Robinet Jacob et al.•Journal of Cultural Heritage…•2026

  • Promoting historical irrigation canals as natural and cultural heritage in mass-tourism destinations

    Open Access•Sandra Ricart, Anna Ribas Palom et al.•Journal of Cultural Heritage…•2019

  • Multiple linear regression and fuzzy logic models applied to the functional service life prediction of cultural heritage

    Open Access•Andrés José Prieto Ibáñez, Andrés Jose Prieto et al.•Journal of Cultural Heritage•2017

  • Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research

    Lisa Ruhanen, Betty Weiler et al.•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2015

  • Public perceptions of creating heritage sites in outer space

    Open Access•Stanley Spector•Journal of Tourism Futures•2026

  • The triad of social sustainability

    M Reza Shirazi, Ramin Keivani•Urban Research & Practice•2019

  • The nexus between the cultural and creative industries and the Sustainable Development Goals

    Yang Gao, Ekaterina Turkina et al.•Regional Studies•2023

  • Multi-Benefit Decision-Making Process for Historic Buildings

    Open Access•Noëlle-Laetitia Perret, Elodie Héberlé et al.•Heritage•2025

  • A novel framework for social life cycle assessment to achieve sustainable cultural tourism destinations

    Open Access•Mojtaba Javdan, Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri et al.•Turyzm/Tourism•2023

  • Host–guest authentication of intangible cultural heritage

    Shahida Khanom, Brendan Moyle et al.•Journal of Heritage Tourism•2019

  • Social capital and cultural heritage tourism development in former mining town, West Sumatra, Indonesia

    Open Access•Delmira Syafrini, Desy Mardhiah et al.•Environment Development and…•2023

  • Tourism gentrification in Mediterranean heritage cities. The necessity for multidisciplinary planning

    Open Access•Snezana Bobic, Mina Akhavan•Cities•2022

  • Cultural distortion risks at heritage sites

    Open Access•Shu-Ning Zhang, W Q Ruan et al.•Tourism Management•2024

  • Headlining Dubrovnik's Tourism Image

    Nicholas Wise, Nicholas A Wise et al.•Tourism Recreation Research•2012

  • City gate as key towards sustainable urban redevelopment

    Open Access•Yi-Chang Chiang, Yi‐Chang Chiang et al.•Habitat International•2017

  • Present-centered dialogue with heritage representations

    Open Access•Dinesh Chhabra, Deepak Chhabra et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•2015

  • Sustainable tourism and social value at World Heritage Sites

    Open Access•E Parga Dans, Pablo Alonso González•Annals of Tourism Research•2019

  • The importance of location and scale in rural and small town tourism product development

    Open Access•Douglas Ramsey, Doug Ramsey et al.•Canadian Geographies /…•2018

  • A novel measure indicating that a management strategy reduces the likelihood of human-made threats to Cultural World Heritage Sites

    Open Access•Martin Thomas Falk, Eva Hagsten•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2025

  • Zoning for world heritage sites

    Thomas E Jones, Thomas Jones et al.•Tourism Geographies•2022

  • Is Unesco World Heritage recognition a blessing or burden? Evidence from developing Asian countries

    Open Access•Josephine Caust, Marilena Vecco•Journal of Cultural Heritage•2017

  • A resources ecosystem for digital and heritage-led holistic knowledge in rural regeneration

    Open Access•Rosa Tamborrino, Rosa Rita Maria Tamborrino et al.•Journal of Cultural Heritage•2022

  • Archaeology as Cultural Heritage in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

    C Glatz, Aphrodite Sorotou et al.•Current Anthropology•2024

  • Critical Issues in Tourism

    Allan M Williams, Gareth Shaw•Critical Issues in Tourism•2002

  • Tourists in Historic Towns

    Aylin Orbaşli, Aylin Orbaşlı•Tourists in historic towns•2002

  • Tourism and Sustainability

    Martin Mowforth, Ian Munt•Tourism and Sustainability•2003

  • The Tourist-Historic City

    Gregory John Ashworth, John Tunbridge et al.•Tourist-Historic City•2000

  • Synthesising qualitative and quantitative evidence

    Open Access•Mary Dixon-Woods, Shona Agarwal et al.•Journal of Health Services…•2005

  • Tourism Carrying Capacity

    Stephen F McCool, David W Lime•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2001

  • Tourism and Sustainability

    Mike Stabler•Tourism and sustainability•1997

  • Tourism, Development and Growth

    Glauco De Vita, Khine S Kyaw et al.•Tourism, Development and Growth•2005

  • Environment and Tourism

    Andrew Holden, Holden Holden•Environment and Tourism•2000

  • Cultural Tourism

    Bob Mckercher, Hilary Du Cros•Cultural Tourism•2012

  • Tourism Collaboration and Partnerships

    Madeleine Boyd, J R Brent Ritchie et al.•Tourism Collaboration and…•2000

  • Sustainable Tourism Development

    Zhenhua Liu•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2003

  • Meta-Ethnography

    George W Noblit, George Noblit et al.•Meta-ethnography•1988

  • Measuring Residents’ Attitude toward Sustainable Tourism

    Open Access•H C Choi, Hwan-Suk Chris Choi et al.•Travel Research Bulletin•2005

  • Tourism and Sustainable Community Development

    Derek R Hall, Derek Hall et al.•Tourism and Sustainable Community…•2002

  • Sustainable Tourism

    Bill Bramwell, Bernard Lane•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•1993

  • Sustainable Tourism

    Anne Hardy, Robert J S Beeton et al.•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2002

  • Rethinking Collaboration and Partnership

    C M Hall•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•1999

  • Sustainable Tourism Management

    John Swarbrooke•Sustainable tourism management•1999

  • Tourism and Sustainable Development

    Richard Sharpley•Journal of Sustainable Tourism•2000

  • Urban Sustainability, Globalisation and the Pursuit of the Heritage Aesthetic

    Ian Strange•Planning Practice and Research•1999

  • Heritage-sustainability

    Matilda Stubbs, Michael Stubbs•Planning Practice and Research•2004

  • Sustainable tourism

    R Butler, Richard W Butler•Tourism Geographies•1999

  • Sustainable Tourism and the Touristic Ecological Footprint

    Open Access•Colin Hunter•Environment Development and…•2002

  • Old cities, new pasts

    Open Access•G J Ashworth, John Tunbridge et al.•GeoJournal•1999

  • Relationship between tourism and cultural heritage management

    Open Access•Bob Mckercher, Pamela S Y Ho et al.•Tourism Management•2005

  • Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism

    Open Access•H C Choi, Ercan Sirakaya•Tourism Management•2006

  • Ecotourism in the third world

    Open Access•Erlet Cater•Tourism Management•1993

  • Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure

    Open Access•Tae Gyou Ko•Tourism Management•2005

  • Building a new heritage - tourism, culture and identity in the New Europe

    Open Access•Gordon Shaw, Gareth Shaw•Tourism Management•1995

  • Cultural tourism and business opportunities for museums and heritage sites

    Open Access•Ted Silberberg•Tourism Management•1995

  • Developing a strategy for the Angkor World Heritage Site

    Open Access•Jonathan Wager, Jonathan F Wager•Tourism Management•1995

  • European travel commission

    Open Access•T J O'Driscoll•Tourism Management•1985

  • The ecological footprint as a key indicator of sustainable tourism

    Open Access•Colin Hunter, Jon Shaw•Tourism Management•2007

  • The development of indicators for sustainable tourism

    Open Access•Graham Miller•Tourism Management•2001

  • Sustainable development of tourism

    Open Access•Michael Lück, Michael Lueck•Tourism Management•2005

  • Tourism planning

    Open Access•John Westlake, John N Westlake•Tourism Management•1991

  • Heritage, tourism and society

    Open Access•S M Romaya•Habitat International•1996

  • The making of tourism research

    Open Access•Honggen Xiao, Stephen L J Smith et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•2006

  • Developing sustainable tourism for world heritage sites

    Open Access•Anne C Drost, Anne Drost•Annals of Tourism Research•1996

  • Authenticity and commoditization in tourism

    Open Access•Erik Cohen•Annals of Tourism Research•1988

  • Managing heritage tourism

    Open Access•Brian Garrod, Alan Fyall•Annals of Tourism Research•2000

  • Tourism in European heritage cities

    Open Access•Jan Van Der Borg, Paolo Costa et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•1996

  • Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies

    Open Access•Juha Saarinen, Jarkko Saarinen•Annals of Tourism Research•2006

  • Tourists and troglodytes

    Open Access•Hazel Tucker•Annals of Tourism Research•2001

  • An integrative framework for urban tourism research

    Open Access•Douglas G Pearce•Annals of Tourism Research•2001

  • Dissonant heritage

    Open Access•C M Hall•Annals of Tourism Research•1997

  • Heritage and postmodern tourism

    Open Access•Wiendu Nuryanti•Annals of Tourism Research•1996

  • Affirming authenticity

    Open Access•Alison J Mcintosh, Richard C Prentice et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•1999

  • Consuming heritage

    Open Access•Gordon Waitt•Annals of Tourism Research•2000

  • Collaboration theory and community tourism planning

    Open Access•Tazim Jamal, Tazim B Jamal et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•1995

  • Tourism Management in Heritage Cities

    Open Access•Antonio Paolo Russo, Priscilla Boniface et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•2001

  • The core of heritage tourism

    Open Access•Yaniv Poria, Richard Butler et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•2003

  • Actors, power, and discourses of growth limits

    Open Access•Bill Bramwell•Annals of Tourism Research•2006

  • The “vicious circle” of tourism development in heritage cities

    Open Access•Antonio Paolo Russo•Annals of Tourism Research•2002

  • Mindful visitors

    Open Access•Gianna Moscardo•Annals of Tourism Research•1996

  • Production and consumption of European cultural tourism

    Open Access•Greg Richards•Annals of Tourism Research•1996

  • Status Passage

    Rex A Lucas, Barney G Glaser et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1973

  • The Impact of Tourism on Residential Experience in Central-eastern Europe

    Open Access•Charlie Cooper, Nigel Morpeth et al.•Urban Studies•1998

  • Cultural Heritage, an Ill-defined Concept? A Call for Joined-up Policy

    Michael Turnpenny•International Journal of Heritage…•2004

  • Ethnic Heritage as a Tourist Attraction

    J Henderson, Joan C Henderson•International Journal of Heritage…•2003

  • Developing the heritage tourism product in multi-ethnic cities

    Open Access•Alison Caffyn, Jane Lutz•Tourism Management•1999

  • Heritage as Knowledge

    Open Access•Brian Graham•Urban Studies•2002

  • Staged authenticity and heritage tourism

    Open Access•Dinesh Chhabra, Deepak Chhabra et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•2003

  • Developing creativity in tourist experiences

    Open Access•Greg Richards, Julie Wilson•Tourism Management•2005

  • Is heritage an asset or a liability

    Open Access•Xavier Greffe•Journal of Cultural Heritage•2004

  • Environmental Auditing

    Brian Goodall•Geographical Journal•1995

  • Aggregating Qualitative Findings

    Open Access•Carole A Estabrooks, Peggy Anne Field et al.•Qualitative Health Research•1994

  • Status Passage

    K S Cook, Barney G Glaser et al.•Social Forces•1974

Unique citing works64
Citations per year4,57
Citation span2012 - 2026 (15)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 60

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae