The Pre-History of Urban Scaling
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23324014 |
|---|---|
| Authors | G Ortman (0000-0003-0709-5287, Santa Fe Institute, corresponding author), Scott G Ortman, Andrew H F Cabaniss (0000-0003-0884-9503, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Jennie O Sturm (0000-0003-3522-5878, University of New Mexico), Luís M A Bettencourt, Luís Bettencourt (0000-0001-6176-5160, Santa Fe Institute) |
| Editors | Stephen Shennan |
| Year | 2014 |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | e87902 |
| Publication date | 2014-02-12 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | PLoS ONE (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1932-6203 • E-ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| Publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0087902 |
| PMID | 24533062 |
| OpenAlex | W2086974448 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 80 |
| References cited | 35 |
Cities are increasingly the fundamental socio-economic units of human societies worldwide, but we still lack a unified characterization of urbanization that captures the social processes realized by cities across time and space. This is especially important for understanding the role of cities in the history of human civilization and for determining whether studies of ancient cities are relevant for contemporary science and policy. As a step in this direction, we develop a theory of settlement scaling in archaeology, deriving the relationship between population and settled area from a consideration of the interplay between social and infrastructural networks. We then test these models on settlement data from the Pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico to show that this ancient settlement system displays spatial scaling properties analogous to those observed in modern cities. Our data derive from over 1,500 settlements occupied over two millennia and spanning four major cultural periods characterized by different levels of agricultural productivity, political centralization and market development. We show that, in agreement with theory, total settlement area increases with population size, on average, according to a scale invariant relation with an exponent in the range [Formula: see text]. As a consequence, we are able to infer aggregate socio-economic properties of ancient societies from archaeological measures of settlement organization. Our findings, from an urban settlement system that evolved independently from its old-world counterparts, suggest that principles of settlement organization are very general and may apply to the entire range of human history.
Archaeology · Civilization · Economic geography · Economic growth · Economics · Economy · Geography · Human settlement · Political science · Politics · Population · Settlement (finance) · Sociology · Urbanization · Demography · Law · Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
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| Unique citing works | 80 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 6,67 |
| Citation span | 2014 - 2026 (13) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 70 |