Cultural constraints in management theories
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23324877 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Geert Hofstede (Transnational University Limburg, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1993 |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 81-94 |
| Publication date | 1993-02-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Academy of Management Perspectives (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1558-9080 • E-ISSN: 1943-4529 |
| Publisher | Academy of Management (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.5465/ame.1993.9409142061 |
| OpenAlex | W2079257246 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 211 |
| References cited | 11 |
Executive Overview Management as the word is presently used is an American invention. In other parts of the world not only the practices but the entire concept of management may differ, and the theories needed to understand it, may deviate considerably from what is considered normal and desirable in the USA. The reader is invited on a trip around the world, and both local management practices and theories are explained from the different contexts and histories of the places visited: Germany, Japan, France, Holland, the countries of the overseas Chinese, South-East Asia, Africa, Russia, and finally mainland China. A model in which worldwide differences in national cultures are categorized according to five independent dimensions helps in explaining the differences in management found; although the situation in each country or region has unique characteristics that no model can account for. One practical application of the model is in demonstrating the relative position of the U.S. versus other parts of the world. In a global perspective, U.S. management theories contain a number of idiosyncracies not necessarily shared by management elsewhere. Three such idiosyncracies are mentioned: a stress on market processes, a stress on the individual, and a focus on managers rather than on workers. A plea is made for an internationalization not only of business, but also of management theories, as a way of enriching theories at the national level.
China · Economics · Focus (optics) · Geography · Internationalization · Mainland · Mainland China · Management · Management theory · Perspective (graphical) · Plea · Political science · Position (finance) · Regional science · Sociology · Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science · Law · Management and Organizational Studies · Management Theory and Practice · Organizational Learning and Leadership
Human-computer interaction and sociological insight
The Practice of Religious Tourism among Generation Z’s Higher Education Students
Do Factory Audits Improve International Labor Standards? An Examination of Voluntary Corporate Labor Regulations in Global Production Networks
The cultural dividend
The traditional Chinese philosophies in inter-cultural leadership
Measuring consumers’ perceptions of business ethicality on price, product, and service domains
Cultural and contextual influences on corporate social responsibility
Watch his deed or examine his words? Exploring the potential of the behavioral experiment method for collecting data to measure culture
Queuing Behavior in Theme Parks
The antecedents of job involvement
Individualism and collectivism in Chinese and American television advertising
Participatory Communication versus Communication Strategies of a Transnational NGO
The Influence of Social Norms on Korean Wives’ Intention to Talk with Their Husbands about the Equal Division of Housework
Being Native American in business
Family, feudalism and selfishness
Values and actions
Cultural determinants of New Public Management reforms
Academic Ethics
"Keeping it "All in the Family
Recognizing Leadership at a Distance
Follower Propensity to Commit Crimes of Obedience
Culturally Universal or Culturally Specific
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Yo Tengo La Camiseta (I Have the Shirt On)
Measure invariance of the Political Skill Inventory (PSI) across five cultures
Managing Improvisation in Cross Cultural Virtual Teams
A Comparative Analysis of Cultural Value Orientations of Indians and Migrant Indians in the USA
Workplace bullying across cultures
Socio-Cultural Values, Internal Work Culture and Leadership Styles in Four Post-Communist Countries
Cross Cultural Management Research
The Relationship between Cross Cultural Experience and Training, and Leader Effectiveness in the US Foreign Service
Cross-cultural divergence and convergence
Examining media effectiveness across cultures and national borders
Emotional Intelligence or Emotional Blackmail
The notion of expatriation in the United Arab Emirates
Process Ambiguities in Sino-Danish Busi ness Negotiations
Cultural differences, learning styles and transnational education
The cross‐cultural transfer of management practices
Comparing leadership practices between the United States, Nigeria, and Slovenia
Managerial women’s career experiences, satisfaction and well‐being
National culture and classical principles of planning
Distributive justice in Northern Mexico and the US
The Central Role of National Culture in Cross‐cultural Management
National cultural values, sustainability beliefs, and organizational initiatives
A postcolonial and anti-colonial reading of 'African' leadership and management in organization studies
Self Mentions as Distinct Speech Codes in English Language Use in Intercultural Communication
Consumers’ Opinions on Gender Stereotyping in Advertising
Leadership/management factors impact on employee engagement and discretionary effort
Is the way you resolve conflicts related to your psychological health? An empirical investigation
Critical analysis of American representations of Russians
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) on Negotiation Styles
The ‘Dharma’ and ‘Karma’ of CSR from the Bhagavad-Gita
Gendered Meanings of Commitment from High Technology Engineering Managers in the United Kingdom and Sweden
Building local level engagement in disaster risk reduction
Assessing the drivers of the regional digital divide and their impact on eGovernment services
Service quality in multichannel fashion retailing
Culture and engineering in the USA and Japan
The influence of culture in automotive manufacturing ? a Mexican-French comparison
Organizational commitment, supervisory commitment, and employee outcomes in the Chinese context
Old faces, new places
The proficiency trap
Emotion regulation as a boundary condition of the relationship between team conflict and performance
Social face for innovation in strategic alliances in China
Conflict management between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in China
The influence of top management team attention patterns on global strategic posture of firms
The transition from the quality of working life to organizational behavior
The Nasa/DoD aerospace knowledge diffusion research project
A cross-cultural comparison of Kuwaiti and British citizens' views of e-government interface quality
Individual‐vs. culture‐level dimensions of individualism and collectivism
Collectivism, Cultural Identity and Employee Mental Health
French Adaptation of the Orientation to Happiness Scale and Its Relationship to Quality of Life in French Students
An Investigation of Group Interaction Functioning Stimulated by Transformational Leadership on Employee Intrinsic and Extrinsic Job Satisfaction
Prisoners of the paradigm
Types of agglomeration effects and location choices of international hotels in an emerging market
Effects of budgetary constraints on international tourism expenditures
Culture, religiosity, and economic configural models explaining tipping-behavior prevalence across nations
When teaching and volunteering go together
A context-specific perspective of equal employment opportunity in Islamic societies
American Hegemony in Packaged Software Trade and the ''Culture of Software
Valuing differences
The role of collectivism, power distance, and neutralization techniques on deviant information security behavior
The influence of national culture on responsible innovation
Investigating tourists' risk information processing
Influences on employee preferences for empowerment practices by the “ideal manager” in China
Do organizations reflect national cultures? A 10-nation study
Transformational leadership
Cultural diversity and learning teams
Exploring empowerment cross-cultural differences along the power distance dimension
Services and conflict management
Multicultural student group work in higher education
Implicit theories of account-giving
A typology of middle managers in modern Russia
US core values
Culture and Communication
Organisational Psychology and Workplace Control
Prejudice toward immigrant workers among Dutch employees
Cooperative Conflict Management as a Basis for Training Students in China
Different Perspectives on the Practice of Leadership
The Effect of Social Comparison with Peers on Self-Evaluation
Preliminary Development of the Intercultural Tolerance Scale
Preschool in Three Cultures
La logique de l'honneur
The Rise and Fall of the British Manager
Markets and Hierarchies : analysis and antitrust implications
The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism
Administrative behavior
Measuring Organizational Cultures
The Confucius connection
Societal Differences in Organizing Manufacturing Units
Hofstede's Culture Dimensions
Vive la crise
| Unique citing works | 211 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 6,03 |
| Citation span | 1991 - 2026 (36) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 98 |