Characteristics associated with the prevalence and severity of force used by the police
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23328263 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Joel H Garner (0000-0001-6826-1125, a Joint Centers for Justice Studies, corresponding author), Christopher D Maxwell (0000-0002-4231-3297, b Michigan State University), Cedrick G Heraux (0000-0001-5115-4606, a Joint Centers for Justice Studies) |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 19 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 705-746 |
| Publication date | 2002-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Justice Quarterly (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0741-8825 • E-ISSN: 1745-9109 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/07418820200095401 |
| OpenAlex | W2153629057 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 87 |
| References cited | 21 |
Using a diversity of samples, sources of data, measures of force, analytical methods, and theoretical frameworks, prior research reported that the prevalence of police use of force ranges from 0.8% to 58.1% of police-suspect encounters. In addition, few characteristics of officers, suspects, police departments, or neighborhoods are associated consistently with the amount of force used by the police. Using self-report data by police from 7,512 adult custody arrests in six jurisdictions, this study found that the associations between encounter-level characteristics and police use of force are dependent on the incorporation of suspects' resistance and on the measure of force used.
Criminology · Diversity (politics) · Police department · Political science · Suspect · Use of force · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Law · Medicine · Policing Practices and Perceptions · Psychology
Trends in police research
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Police Education, Experience, and the Use of Force
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The Effect of Police Body-Worn Cameras on Use of Force and Citizens’ Complaints Against the Police
Levels of Nonlethal Force
The Impact of Prior Military Experience and Burnout on Police Officer Use of Force
A critical analysis on the use of force by law enforcement officials in a correctional setting—an expert witness account
Factores de riesgo en la violación de derechos humanos por parte de los policías
Accountability and police use of force
Systematic Social Observation of Police-Citizen Encounters
Body-Worn Cameras and Transparency
How Subject Gender Shapes the Level and Progression of Police Use of Force
Subject injury and police use of force in mental health crises
A Comparison of Police Use of Force by Male and Female Officers in Canada
The impact of officer tenure on injury outcomes in law enforcement encounters
The geographic concentration of use of force incidents at subway stations mimics the law of crime concentration bandwidths
The Impact of Suspect Resistance, Informational Justice, and Interpersonal Justice on Time Until Police Use of Physical Force
Examining Use of Force Outcomes in Police Calls for Service
Examining the Risk of Recurring Use of Force Incidents Among Newly Hired Police Officers
Police officers’ opinions of the use of unnecessary force by other officers
Law enforcement response to mental health crises
The use, effectiveness, and hazards associated with police use of force
The truth does not always speak for itself
Police use of force and nativity
Trends in Police Research
Police recruit attitudes toward the use of unnecessary force
College students’ perceptions of police use of force
Measuring perceptions of police use of force
Racial Disparities in Use of Force against Incarcerated People
Police officers’ perspectives on state (police) violence
Framing ‘Friend’
Police Crime
Toward a National Estimate of Police Use of Nonlethal Force
Do body‐worn cameras reduce disparities in police behavior in minority communities? Evidence of nuanced influences across Black and Hispanic neighborhoods
Toward a National Use‐of‐force Data Collection System
Assessing the impact of de‐escalation training on police behavior
The more things change, the more they stay the same
A Bird's Eye View of Civilians Killed by Police in 2015
Revisiting Critical Issues in Police Use‐of‐force Research
Less-Lethal Weapons and Civilian Injury in Police Use of Force Encounters
Police officer gender and excessive force complaints
The effect of police use of force on mental health problems of prisoners
Understanding arrest in rural police–juvenile interactions
Too much or too little? Individual and situational predictors of police force relative to suspect resistance
Police use of force
Influence of community characteristics on serious police use of force events in an Australian policing jurisdiction
An Exploration of Officer Gender and Use of Force Incidents in a Transit Police Department
Symbolically Annihilating Female Police Officer Capabilities
Officer Gender and Suspects Resisting Arrest
Women Police
The Force Continuum
Examining the sources of police use of force in South Korea
Racial Differences in Resolving Conflicts
An air of injustice? An integrated approach to understanding the link between police injustices and neighborhood rates of violence
Chinese police and its support for the use of force
A Comprehensive Examination on Police Use of Force From Individual, Situational, and Structural Perspectives
The “Invisible” Hispanic? The Representation of Hispanics in Criminal Justice Research
Contextualizing race
National Police Reform Commissions
Dissecting the Complexities of the Relationship Between Police Officer–Civilian Race/Ethnicity Dyads and Less-Than-Lethal Use of Force
Considering violence against police by citizen race/ethnicity to contextualize representation in officer-involved shootings
Driving across campus
An exploration of use of force among law enforcement officers with military service
Police use of force at street segments
Low self-control and the adolescent police stop
Contextualizing fatal police-resident encounters with a focus on Hispanic or Latin American Places
Officer force versus suspect resistance
Police criminal charging decisions
Scripting police escalation of use of force through conjunctive analysis of body-worn camera footage
The impact of neighborhood crime levels on police use of force
Assessing the racial aspects of police force using the implicit- and counter-bias perspectives
Police use of force and suspect behavior
Use of force during stop and frisks
Situational factors and police use of force across micro‐time intervals
Are Police Racially Biased in the Decision to Shoot
Feminine leadership and juvenile justice outcomes
Policing Disorderly Campus Protests and Convivial Gatherings
Drunk and angry is no way to enjoy the outdoors
Suspect, Officer, and Situational Dynamics Underlying Violent Resistance Against Police
Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops
Racial Disparities in Police Crime Victimization
Stop, Frisk, and Assault? Racial Disparities in Police Use of Force During Investigatory Stops
Race and the Association Between Police Stops and Depression Among Young Adults
Violence and the police
The functions of the police in modern society
Situational and officer-based determinants of police coercion
Further exploration of the demeanor hypothesis
Police use of deadly force
Police Background Characteristics and Performance
Complaints about police officers
Perspectives on Police and Violence
Police Use of Force
Demeanor or Crime? Why “Hostile” Citizens Are More Likely to Be Arrested
Minority Threat and Police Brutality
The Management of Violence by Police Patrol Officers
Police Violence Occasioning Citizen Complaint
Police brutality-answers to key questions
The Neighborhood Context of Police Behavior
| Unique citing works | 87 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,95 |
| Citation span | 2004 - 2026 (23) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 86 |