Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021

Bibliographic Data

ID23328660
AuthorsAmerican Diabetes Association (corresponding author)
Year2021
Volume44
IssueSupplement_1
PagesS15-S33
Publication date2021-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueDiabetes Care (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0149-5992 • E-ISSN: 1935-5548
PublisherAmerican Diabetes Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.2337/dc21-s002
PMID33298413
OpenAlexW4238714725
LanguageEN
Citations received85
References cited193

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.

Diabetes mellitus · Family medicine · Intensive care medicine · MEDLINE · Diabetes Management and Research · Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins · Endocrinology · Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients · Internal Medicine · Medicine

  • Sleep duration and sleep problems in non-Hispanic Black adults

    Open Access•Everlyne Ogugu, Everlyne G Ogugu et al.•Ethnicity and Health•2026

  • Prevalence and determinants of anaemia in South Asian diaspora women residing in Hong Kong

    Open Access•Gary Ka-Ki Chung, Bulbul Sharma et al.•Journal of Migration and Health•2025

  • Causal relationship between particulate matter 2.5 and diabetes

    Open Access•Joyce Kim, Joyce Mary Kim et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Factors Affecting High-Risk for Diabetes among Korean Adolescents

    Open Access•Kyung‐Sook Bang, Sang-Youn Jang et al.•Children•2022

  • Depressive symptoms mediate the association between sleep disorders and gallstone disease

    Open Access•Yisen Hou, Rui Li et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2025

  • A Delphi Study on the Healthcare Needs of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes during the Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood

    Open Access•Yueh‐Tao Chiang, Pei‐Kwei Tsay et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Physical Activity, Dietary Patterns, and Glycemic Management in Active Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes

    Open Access•Sheri R Colberg, Jihan Kannane et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus

    Open Access•Ali Darvishi, Adeleh Nikkhah et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Relationship of urinary glyphosate concentrations with glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetes in US adults

    Open Access•Peng Tang, Yican Wang et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Cardiovascular Risk and Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Diabetes at Federally Qualified Health Centers

    Open Access•Nephertiti Efeovbokhan, Karen Kelly‐Blake et al.•Journal of Racial and Ethnic…•2026

  • The lifetime risk of developing type II diabetes in an urban community in Mumbai

    Open Access•Palak Sharma, T R Dilip et al.•BMC Public Health•2023

  • Long-term exposure to ambient ozone at workplace is positively and non-linearly associated with incident hypertension and blood pressure

    Open Access•Songhua Hu, HU Song-hua et al.•BMC Public Health•2023

  • Associations of healthy lifestyle and family income to poverty ratio with all-cause mortality among people with prediabetes and diabetes

    Open Access•Zhu Li, Lin Zhou et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Severity of adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes

    Open Access•Mohammad Jalali, Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Multimorbidity and social determinants of health in the US prior to the Covid-19 pandemic and implications for health outcomes

    Open Access•Bijan Mossadeghi, Roberta Caixeta et al.•BMC Public Health•2023

  • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obesity

    Sarah E Hampl, Sarah Hampl et al.•PEDIATRICS•2023

  • Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes in China, 2013-2018

    Limin Wang, Wen Peng et al.•JAMA•2021

  • Prevalence of dyslipidaemia within Polish nurses. Cross-sectional study - single and multiple linear regression models and ROC analysis

    Open Access•Anna Bartosiewicz, Justyna Wyszyńska et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Using HbA1c measurements and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score to identify undiagnosed individuals and those at risk of diabetes in primary care

    Open Access•Elín Arnardóttir, Árún K Sigurðardóttir et al.•BMC Public Health•2023

  • Physical Activity Evaluation Using Activity Trackers for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in Patients with Prediabetes

    Open Access•Antanas Bliūdžius, Kristina Švaikevičienė et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Compared to the Overweight and Obese

    Open Access•Mirela Mogoi, Liviu Pop et al.•Children•2022

  • Risk of diabetes and expected years in life without diabetes among adults from an urban community in India

    Open Access•Palak Sharma, T R Dilip et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Association between sleep duration and hearing threshold shifts of adults in the United States

    Open Access•Lili Long, Yuedi Tang•BMC Public Health•2023

  • The Impact of Insulin-Induced Lipodystrophy on Glycemic Variability in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

    Open Access•Fortunato Lombardo, Bruno Bombaci et al.•Children•2022

  • Age-specific prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of metabolic diseases in Chinese adults and the different patterns from other racial/ethnic populations

    Open Access•Qiuyu Cao, Ruizhi Zheng et al.•BMC Public Health•2022

  • Lifestyle Parameters in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and in the General Adult Population—Trends over Five Years

    Open Access•Thomas E Dorner, Christian Lackinger et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Risk for Declared Family History of Diabetes, in Combination with BMI Categories

    Open Access•Małgorzata Lewandowska•International Journal of…•2021

  • Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions among Chinese Adults with Prediabetes

    Open Access•Yue Yin, Yusi Tu et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Causal analysis of traditional and environmental risk factors for long-term development of type 2 diabetes using a conditional survival Bayesian network

    Open Access•Ji Young Choi, Man-Suk Oh•BMC Public Health•2026

  • The association of 24-hour behavior rhythms with stroke among American adults with prediabetes/diabetes

    Open Access•Wenbo Gu, Zhen Tian et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Neighborhood Deprivation and Racial Disparities in Early Pregnancy Impaired Glucose Tolerance

    Open Access•Cara D Dolin, Anne Mullin et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Barriers to diabetes self-management in the North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

    Open Access•Akine Eshete, Abera Lembebo et al.•BMC Public Health•2026

  • Effect of 3-year changes in adiposity measures on the pre-diabetes regression and progression

    Open Access•Mehdi Masumi, Maryam Masumi et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Modifiable risk factors in adults with and without prior cardiovascular disease

    Open Access•Dian Sidik Arsyad, Jan Westerink et al.•BMC Public Health•2022

  • Attitudes and Perceptions of School Teachers in Melilla Regarding the Care Provided to Students with Type 1 Diabetes

    Open Access•Trinidad Luque-Vara, Elisabet Fernández-Gómez et al.•Children•2021

  • Birth Order, Caesarean Section, or Daycare Attendance in Relation to Child- and Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

    Open Access•Justine Tanoey, Christina Baechle et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Impact of adiposity indices changes across the lifespan on risk of diabetes in women

    Open Access•Maryam Mousavi, Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • Early vs. Late Gestational Diabetes

    Open Access•Tatiana Assunção Zaccara, Cristiane de Freitas Paganoti et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes vary by ethnicity among U.S. Asian adults at healthy weight, overweight, and obesity ranges

    Open Access•William S Vicks, Joan C Lo et al.•BMC Public Health•2022

  • Associations of daily step count with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive US adults

    Open Access•Tuo Guo, Yang Zhou et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Associations Between Gestational Weight Gain, Gestational Diabetes, and Childhood Obesity Incidence

    Open Access•Nadia M Sneed, William J Heerman et al.•Maternal and Child Health Journal•2023

  • Association between Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population

    Open Access•Dezhong Chen, Ziyun Liang et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Healthcare Utilization and Adherence to Treatment Recommendations among Children with Type 1 Diabetes in Poland during the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Justyna Grudziąż-Sękowska, Kuba Sękowski et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • The Mediator Testing of Association Between Fear of Hypoglycemia and Diabetes Self-Management in Chinese Adolescents with T1DM

    Open Access•Qingting Li, Jundi Yang et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2026

  • Long Working Hours and the Risk of Glucose Intolerance

    Open Access•Yesung Lee, Eunhye Seo et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • The Efficacy of an Intensive Lifestyle Modification Program on Psychosocial Outcomes among Rural Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

    Open Access•Jia Guo, Qing Long et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Ethnic disparities in the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in Australia

    Open Access•Ngozika Esther Ezinne, Uchechukwu L Osuagwu et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Factors Affecting Glycemic Control among Saudi Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia

    Open Access•Saleh M Al‐Qahtani, Saleh M Al-Qahtani et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • The relationship between psychological resilience and quality of life among the Chinese diabetes patients

    Open Access•Yujin Mei, Xue Yang et al.•BMC Public Health•2023

  • Associations of TAS1R2 and TAS2R38 Genetic Variants with Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Obesity Risk in Kuwaiti Adolescents

    Open Access•Rawayeh Yousef, Razan Yousef et al.•Children•2025

  • Waist Circumference Is Not Associated with Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose in a Sample of Mexican Children and Teenagers

    Open Access•Edtna Jáuregui-Ulloa, Alejandro Gaytán-González et al.•Children•2021

  • Effects of a Diabetes Self-Management Education Program on Glucose Levels and Self-Care in Type 1 Diabetes

    Open Access•Rocío Romero‐Castillo, Manuel Pabón‐Carrasco et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Different Curve Shapes of Fasting Glucose and Various Obesity-Related Indices by Diabetes and Sex

    Open Access•Wei‐Lun Wen, Wei-Lun Wen et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Risk of functional disability associated with solid fuel use and population impact of reducing indoor air pollution in China

    Open Access•Ziyang Ren, Weidi Sun et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Social Support and Diabetes Management Among Older American Indians

    Open Access•R Turner Goins, Molly K Grant et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Type II diabetes and cognitive function among older adults in India and China—results from Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol studies

    Open Access•Subidsa Srikantha, Jennifer Manne-Goehler et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Association of social support with cognition among older adults in China

    Open Access•Benchao Li, Yan Guo et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Time above range for predicting the development of type 2 diabetes

    Open Access•Alejandra Marco, Marcos Pazos-Couselo et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Triglyceride glucose-body mass index and the risk of progression to diabetes from prediabetes

    Open Access•Yong Han, Haofei Hu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Cost-effectiveness of two screening strategies based on Chinese diabetes risk score for pre-diabetes in China

    Open Access•Jingjing Hao, Qiang Yao et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa

    Open Access•Jean-Claude Katte, Jean Claude Katte et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • European national health plans and the monitoring of online searches for information on diabetes mellitus in different European healthcare systems

    Open Access•Irene Bosch-Frigola, Fernando Coca-Villalba et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • A study on the use of acupoint catgut embedding in the treatment of pre-diabetes

    Open Access•Yunfeng Yu, Xuan Xu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Using point-of-care HbA1c to facilitate the identification of diabetes and abnormal glucose regulation in primary healthcare settings

    Open Access•Linhua Pi, Ying Zheng et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Associations of modifiable dementia risk factors with dementia and cognitive decline

    Open Access•Mengzhao Wang, Changming Fan et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Standardized disease-related measures in diabetes research

    Open Access•Meena Daivadanam, Kristi Sidney Annerstedt et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Application study of an artificial intelligence and big data-based personalized chronic disease management model for diabetes patients

    Open Access•Mei Xin, Yanbing Yao et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2026

  • Reduced antibody response to Covid-19 vaccine composed of inactivated Sars-CoV-2 in diabetic individuals

    Open Access•Yandong Cheng, Ping Shen et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Association between global biomarker of oxidative stress and quantitative ultrasound parameters in middle-aged and elderly adults

    Open Access•Xue Shen, Yawen Liu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Associations of handgrip weakness and asymmetry with new-onset stroke in Chinese middle-aged and older adults

    Open Access•Yuying Zhang, Weiqing Chen et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Educational Interventions on Diabetic Foot Self-Care

    Gabriela Ferreira, André Carvalho et al.•Health Communication•2024

  • Use of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus by the Brazilian Amazon Population

    Open Access•Julianna Marcela de Azevedo Torres, Maria Natália Cardoso et al.•Mundo Amazónico•2026

  • SNAP participation moderates the association between household food insecurity and HbA1c among Cambodian Americans with depression

    Angela Bermúdez‐millán, Richard Feinn et al.•Ethnicity and Health•2021

  • Cardiovascular risk profiling among South Asian adults in Hong Kong

    Open Access•Gary Ka-Ki Chung, Woohyung Lee et al.•International Journal for Equity…•2025

  • A plasma proteomic signature of mitochondrial dysfunction and its diagnostic potential for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    Open Access•Siyao Yang, Qing Li et al.•Critical Public Health•2025

  • Elevated inflammation supra-additively promotes the progression from prediabetes to diabetes

    Open Access•Yulong Lan, Dan Wu et al.•Journal of Global Health•2025

  • Diabetes prevalence and risk factors of early-onset adult diabetes

    Open Access•Justine Tanoey, Heiko Becher•Global Health Action•2021

  • Measuring multidimensional structural racism across the lifecourse and its relation to cardiometabolic health

    Open Access•Joëlle Atere-Roberts, T W Hargrove et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2026

  • Synergistic Associations of Depressive Symptoms and Executive Functions With Longitudinal Trajectories of Diabetes Biomarkers Among Urban-Dwelling Adults Without Diabetes

    Tasneem Khambaty, Daniel K Leibel et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2022

  • Health Characteristics of Emerging and Young Adults with SMI

    Open Access•Mary F Brunette, Jenna G Bourassa et al.•Community Mental Health Journal•2026

  • Phytochemical and antidiabetic analysis of Curatella americana L. aqueous extract on the rat pregnancy

    Open Access•Larissa Lopes Cruz, Bruno Stephano Ferreira da Silva et al.•Journal of Ethnopharmacology•2022

  • Contribution of fasting and postprandial glucose-lowering mechanisms to the acute hypoglycemic effect of traditionally used Eryngium cymosum F.Delaroche

    Open Access•Fernanda Espinoza-Hernández, Fernanda A Espinoza-Hernández et al.•Journal of Ethnopharmacology•2021

  • Effect of Medically Tailored Meals on Clinical Outcomes in Recently Hospitalized High-Risk Adults

    Open Access•Alan S Go, Thida C Tan et al.•Medical Care•2022

  • Disparities in diabetes between US-born and foreign-born population

    Daesung Choi, K M Venkat Narayan et al.•Biodemography and Social Biology•2022

  • Sex Differences in Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Adolescents with High Metabolic Risk

    Open Access•Yannan Li, Hui Xie et al.•Journal of Racial and Ethnic…•2025

  • Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

    The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus•Diabetes Care•1997

  • Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Changes in Lifestyle among Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

    Jaakko Tuomilehto, Jaana Lindström et al.•New England Journal of Medicine•2001

  • Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

    American Diabetes Association•Diabetes Care•2014

  • Prevalence of and Trends in Diabetes Among Adults in the United States, 1988-2012

    Andy Menke, Sarah Stark Casagrande et al.•JAMA•2015

  • Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in dental offices

    Open Access•William H Herman, George W Taylor et al.•Journal of Public Health Dentistry•2015

Unique citing works85
Citations per year17
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 75

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae