A Theory of Medical Decision Making and Health
Fuzzy Trace Theory
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23344142 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Valerie F Reyna (0000-0003-2851-5797, Departments of Human Development and Psychology, CornellUniversity, Ithaca, New York, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2008 |
| Volume | 28 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 850-865 |
| Publication date | 2008-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Medical Decision Making (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0272-989X • E-ISSN: 1552-681X |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0272989x08327066 |
| PMID | 19015287 |
| PMCID | PMC2617718 |
| OpenAlex | W2136995860 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 71 |
| References cited | 63 |
The tenets of fuzzy trace theory are summarized with respect to their relevance to health and medical decision making. Illustrations are given for HIV prevention, cardiovascular disease, surgical risk, genetic risk, and cancer prevention and control. A core idea of fuzzy trace theory is that people rely on the gist of information, its bottom-line meaning, as opposed to verbatim details in judgment and decision making. This idea explains why precise information (e.g., about risk) is not necessarily effective in encouraging prevention behaviors or in supporting medical decision making. People can get the facts right, and still not derive the proper meaning, which is key to informed decision making. Getting the gist is not sufficient, however. Retrieval (e.g., of health-related values) and processing interference brought on by thinking about nested or overlapping classes (e.g., in ratio concepts, such as probability) are also important. Theory-based interventions that work (and why they work) are presented, ranging from specific techniques aimed at enhancing representation, retrieval, and processing to a comprehensive intervention that integrates these components.
Decision theory · Fuzzy logic · Knowledge management · Management science · Meaning (existential) · Psychotherapist · Relevance (law) · Risk analysis (engineering) · TRACE (psycholinguistics) · Artificial Intelligence · Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Computer Science · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics · Mathematics · Medicine · Psychology
Decision making on family level in having treatment
Effective Ways to Communicate Risk and Benefit
Discounting a Surgical Risk
The gist of juries
Endorsement of a personal responsibility to adhere to the minimum drinking age law predicts consumption, risky behaviors, and alcohol-related harms
Current theories of risk and rational decision making
Dual processes in decision making and developmental neuroscience
Risk taking under the influence
Children’s competence or adults’ incompetence
Less harmful’? Exploring reactions to quantitative modified risk claims for snus and e-cigarettes
Theoretical Foundations for Health Communication Research and Practice
Is Adolescence a Sensitive Period for Sociocultural Processing?
Varieties of Uncertainty in Health Care
Opportunities and challenges of Web 2.0 for vaccination decisions
Risk Perception and Protective Behaviors During the Rise of the Covid-19 Outbreak in Italy
Increasing Vaccination
Relevant dimensions to give meaning to pension decisions
Consumer manipulation – a definition, classification and future research agenda
Laypersons’ beliefs and knowledge about human memory
Human behavior in the context of low-probability high-impact events
Using behavioural science to design public health social media campaigns
Leveraging Math Cognition to Combat Health Innumeracy
An overview of the quantum cognition research program
Temporal Bell inequalities in cognition
Processing mode and processing contents in older and younger adults’ sunk cost decision-making
Advancing Visual Health Communication Research to Improve Infodemic Response
Communicating Probabilities of Cervical Cancer Screening Results with Icon Arrays or Tree Diagrams
Gist Inference Scores Predict Cloze Comprehension “In Your Own Words” for Native, Not ESL Readers
Assessing the Impact of Visualizations of Quantitative and Qualitative Risk Information on the Comprehension of Hypothetical Risk-Based Breast Cancer Screening Results
Straight from the horse’s mouth
Perceptions, Experiences, and Needs of Adolescents About School-Based Sexual Health Education
Uncertain futures
Comprehension of Graphs and Tables Depend on the Task
Framing a Consent Form to Improve Consent Understanding and Determine How This Affects Willingness to Participate in HIV Cure Research
Learning the dangers of storm surges in virtual reality
Integrating complexity in the management of human-wildlife encounters
The Gist of Delay of Gratification
Salience Versus Proportional Reasoning
Distinguishing the Ratio Bias from Unsystematic Error
Individual Differences in Numeracy and Cognitive Reflection, with Implications for Biases and Fallacies in Probability Judgment
On Judgments of Approximately Equal
Effects of Descriptive Information on Mental Representations of Probability and Future Behavior in the Context of Personal Experience
Socioeconomic status and concussion reporting
How representations of number and numeracy predict decision paradoxes
Age differences in financial decision making
Contribution of rationality to vaccine attitudes
Discourse gist
Predictors of PrEP Uptake Among Patients with Equivalent Access
The Importance of Sexual History Taking for PrEP Comprehension Among Young People of Color
Framing Biases in Plea Bargaining Decisions
Cognitive Theories, Paradigm of Quantum Behavior Change, and Cusp Catastrophe Modeling in Social Behavioral Research
Women from minoritised ethnicities’ perception of cervical screening information leaflets in the UK
Testing the effects on information use by older versus younger women of modality and narration style in a hospital report card
Informed choice in bowel cancer screening
Valued life abilities among veteran cancer survivors
Reconciling the theory and reality of shared decision‐making
‘A good decision is the one that feels right for me’
How do people interpret information about colorectal cancer screening
Early childhood adversity and Women’s sexual behavior
How fuzzy-trace theory predicts development of risky decision making, with novel extensions to culture and reward sensitivity
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Brief Online Sexual Health Program for Adolescents
Preserving the Self
How do people understand overtesting and overdiagnosis? Systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research
Pumps and Prompts for Gist Explanations in Tutorial Dialogues About Breast Cancer
Misperception of Multiple Risks in Medical Decision-Making
To Prescribe or Not to Prescribe? Consumer Access to Life-Enhancing Products
Why Debunking Misinformation Is Not Enough to Change People’s Minds About Vaccines
Sexual Assertiveness Skills and Sexual Decision-Making in Adolescent Girls
Facebook Pages, the “Disneyland” Measles Outbreak, and Promotion of Vaccine Refusal as a Civil Right, 2009–2019
Theory-informed design of values clarification methods
Patient Decision Making Among Older Individuals With Cancer
Fuzzy-trace theory
Extensional versus intuitive reasoning
Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions
Design Features of Graphs in Health Risk Communication
Frames, Biases, and Rational Decision-Making in the Human Brain
Risk and Rationality in Adolescent Decision Making
A Reasoned Action Approach to Health Promotion
Numeracy and Decision Making
How People Make Decisions That Involve Risk
Numeracy, ratio bias, and denominator neglect in judgments of risk and probability
On the Elicitation of Preferences for Alternative Therapies
The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice
Human Learning and Memory
Class inclusion, the conjunction fallacy, and other cognitive illusions
Current theories of risk and rational decision making
Inclusion illusions
Risk taking under the influence
Development of Long-Term Retention
Coherence and correspondence criteria for rationality
Fuzzy‐trace theory and framing effects in choice
Context and the interpretation of likelihood information
Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making
| Unique citing works | 71 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,94 |
| Citation span | 2008 - 2026 (19) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 62 |