Retracted

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet

Bibliographic Data

ID23367442
AuthorsRamón Estruch (0000-0003-1260-4445, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Emilio Ros (0000-0002-2573-1294, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Jordi Salas-Salvadó (0000-0003-2700-7459, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), María-Isabel Covas (The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), María‐Isabel Covas (Apple (Israel)), Dolores Corella (0000-0002-2366-4104, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Fernando Arós (0000-0001-8337-7185, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Enrique Gómez-Gracia (The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Enrique Gómez‐Gracia (0000-0002-1281-5798, Apple (Israel)), Valentina Ruiz-Gutierrez (The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Miquel Fiol (0000-0002-5370-1391, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), José Lapetra (0000-0002-3873-5737, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós (0000-0002-1287-4560, Apple (Israel)), Lluis Serra-Majem (0000-0002-9658-9061, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Xavier Pintó (0000-0002-2216-2444, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Josep Basora (0000-0003-0278-1149, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), Miguel-Angel Muñoz (0000-0002-4083-3248, Apple (Israel)), Miguel Ángel Muñoz (The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), José V Sorli (0000-0002-0130-2006, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.), J Alfredo Martínez (0000-0001-9634-3849, Apple (Israel)), Miguel Angel Martínez-González (0000-0002-3917-9808, The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix.)
Year2013
Volume368
Issue14
Pages1279-1290
Publication date2013-04-04
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueNew England Journal of Medicine (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0028-4793 • E-ISSN: 1533-4406
PublisherMassachusetts Medical Society (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1056/nejmoa1200303
PMID23432189
OpenAlexW2166000498
LanguageEN
Citations received129
References cited36

BACKGROUND: Observational cohort studies and a secondary prevention trial have shown an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk. We conducted a randomized trial of this diet pattern for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events. METHODS: In a multicenter trial in Spain, we randomly assigned participants who were at high cardiovascular risk, but with no cardiovascular disease at enrollment, to one of three diets: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or a control diet (advice to reduce dietary fat). Participants received quarterly individual and group educational sessions and, depending on group assignment, free provision of extra-virgin olive oil, mixed nuts, or small nonfood gifts. The primary end point was the rate of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes). On the basis of the results of an interim analysis, the trial was stopped after a median follow-up of 4.8 years. RESULTS: A total of 7447 persons were enrolled (age range, 55 to 80 years); 57% were women. The two Mediterranean-diet groups had good adherence to the intervention, according to self-reported intake and biomarker analyses. A primary end-point event occurred in 288 participants. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96) for the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil (96 events) and the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with nuts (83 events), respectively, versus the control group (109 events). No diet-related adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Among persons at high cardiovascular risk, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events. (Funded by the Spanish government's Instituto de Salud Carlos III and others; Controlled-Trials.com number, ISRCTN35739639.).

Cohort · Cohort study · Disease · Mediterranean diet · Observational study · Primary prevention · Randomized controlled trial · Secondary Prevention · Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Nuts composition and effects

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