Working Memory
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23370366 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Alan Baddeley (0000-0002-9163-0643, Medical Research Council, Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom., corresponding author) |
| Year | 1992 |
| Volume | 255 |
| Issue | 5044 |
| Pages | 556-559 |
| Publication date | 1992-01-31 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Science (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0036-8075 • E-ISSN: 0193-4511 |
| Publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.1736359 |
| PMID | 1736359 |
| OpenAlex | W4213346165 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 403 |
| References cited | 40 |
The term working memory refers to a brain system that provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for such complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning, and reasoning. This definition has evolved from the concept of a unitary short-term memory system. Working memory has been found to require the simultaneous storage and processing of information. It can be divided into the following three subcomponents: (i) the central executive, which is assumed to be an attentional-controlling system, is important in skills such as chess playing and is particularly susceptible to the effects of Alzheimer's disease; and two slave systems, namely (ii) the visuospatial sketch pad, which manipulates visual images and (iii) the phonological loop, which stores and rehearses speech-based information and is necessary for the acquisition of both native and second-language vocabulary.
Baddeley's model of working memory · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Comprehension · Linguistics · Long-term memory · Programming language · Short-term memory · Sketch · Visual short-term memory · Vocabulary · Working memory · Computer Science · Language Development and Disorders · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism · Neuroscience · Psychology · Reading and Literacy Development
Not all media multitasking is the same
Comparison of the effectiveness of exergame and dual task exercises on gait parameters and working memory and lower limb muscle strength in young elderly
Cogmed Working Memory Training Presents Unique Implementation Challenges in Adults With ADHD
Behavioral and Electrophysiological Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Parietal Cortex in a Visuo-Spatial Working Memory Task
Early-Life Neglect Alters Emotional and Cognitive Behavior in a Sex-Dependent Manner and Reduces Glutamatergic Neuronal Excitability in the Prefrontal Cortex
Dammarane Sapogenins Improving Simulated Weightlessness-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats
Cognitive dysfunction and cortical structural abnormalities in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucination
The impact of affective contexts on working memory capacity in healthy populations and in individuals with PTSD
Inner speech in meaning-making through verbal and artistic discourses
Prospective memory
Cognitive mechanisms underlying the formation of offline representations in visual working memory
Working memory control predicts fixation duration in scene-viewing
Working Memory Capacity and the Implementation of New Information During Task Repetition
Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function
Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of classroom-based physical activity on math achievement
Study aimed at identifying factors with the potential to reduce the disparities in mathematics anxiety observed between 15-year-old French-speaking boys and girls in Quebec, based on an analysis of Pisa data from 2003 and 2012
Distinctions between primary and secondary scalar implicatures
Social Cognition and Perception
Was weiß die Hirnforschung über Lernen?
Intelligence
Function vs. Capability
Instructional animation versus static pictures
The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects
Construction and interference in learning from multiple representation
The evolution of foresight
Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design
The Cognitive-Affective-Social Theory of Learning in digital Environments (CASTLE)
Conceptualization and Operationalization of Executive Function
Museums and art galleries as partners for public health interventions
Cognitive constraints on multimedia learning
The Relations between Phonological Processing Abilities and Emerging Individual Differences in Mathematical Computation Skills
Cognitive Load Theory
Cognitive load theory, modality of presentation and the transient information effect
Cognitive load in multimedia learning environments
EEG alpha oscillations
Cognitive load theory
The Elusive Nature of Executive Functions
The promise of multimedia learning
Interactive Multimodal Learning Environments
A meta-analysis of how signaling affects learning with media
Contemplating Mindfulness at Work
Does the modality principle hold for different media? A test of the method‐affects‐learning hypothesis
Dorsal and ventral streams
A Taxonomy of External and Internal Attention
Depression
Multimedia learning
Multimedia learning
EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance
Emotion Circuits in the Brain
Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
Meta-analyzing left hemisphere language areas
Implications of Cognitive Load Theory for Multimedia Learning
Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design
Partial Word Form Learning in the Written Mode in L2 German and Spanish
Heat exposure from tropical deforestation decreases cognitive performance of rural workers
The Association Between Age and Health Literacy Among Elderly Persons
Education and Cognitive Decline
Aging and Switching the Focus of Attention in Working Memory
Comparing the Effects of Two Cardiovascular Health Factors on Working Memory Capacity in Healthy Aging
Inefficient Preparatory fMRI-Bold Network Activations Predict Working Memory Dysfunctions in Patients with Schizophrenia
Associations of habitual sedentary time with executive functioning and short-term memory in 7th and 8th grade adolescents
Theta transcranial alternating current stimulation over the prefrontal cortex enhances theta power and working memory performance
Stressful Life Memories Relate to Ruminative Thoughts in Women With Sexual Violence History, Irrespective of PTSD
Misperception in sentences but not in words
Acute Effects of Glucose and Fructose Administration on the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Functioning in Healthy Subjects
I Can But I Shall Not Always Be Empathic
Effects of virtual exposure to urban greenways on mental health
Specific Mental Arithmetic Difficulties and General Arithmetic Learning Difficulties
Differential Impact of WM Load on Attention in Young Adults Versus Children and Adolescents
Cognitive deficits for facial emotions among male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder
Effects of Visual and Aural Presentation Styles and Rhythm on Working Memory as Measured by Monosyllabic Sequential Digit Recall
Facilitating Role of 3D Multimodal Visualization and Learning Rehearsal in Memory Recall
Individualized frequency and montage tACS to engage theta-gamma coupling and enhance working memory in mild cognitive impairment
Visuospatial Working Memory in 7- to 12-Year-Old Children with Disruptive Behavior Disorders
L’acquisition raisonnée d’un laboratoire multimédia de langues
Le brouillon
The effectiveness of online Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing 2.0 Group Protocol on post-traumatic stress disorders symptoms, depression, anxiety, and stress in individuals who have experienced a traffic accident
Quelques aspects de la mémoire verbale en L2
The Association Between Suicidal Behavior, Attentional Control, and Frontal Asymmetry
Effects of Tai Chi on the Executive Function and Physical Fitness of Female Methamphetamine Dependents
Traitement de la compétence phonologique dans un dispositif hybride d’enseignement/apprentissage de l’anglais langue étrangère auprès d’un public Lansad
Increased Prefrontal Oxygenation Related to Distractor-Resistant Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A Quantifiable Risky Decision Model
The relationship between students’ personality traits, attention state, and use of regulatory strategies during emergent distance learning
ADHD Symptomatology, Executive Function and Cognitive Performance Differences between Family Foster Care and Control Group in ADHD-Diagnosed Children
Comparison of transcranial brain stimulation approaches
Littératie de traduction automatique et enseignement-apprentissage de l’anglais en lycée
The effect of planning time on vocabulary acquisition in a task-based environment
When Can AI Models Explain Learning? Validity Criteria for AI as Cognitive Models in Education
Isolated or integrated? – Instructional approaches to foster professional vision of teaching quality
The role of perceptual salience in L2 morphology acquisition
Étude visant à identifier des facteurs ayant le potentiel de réduire les écarts d’anxiété mathématique observés entre les garçons et les filles francophones de 15 ans du Québec, à partir d’une analyse des données du Pisa de 2003 et 2012
The role of working memory and attention control in incidental L2 vocabulary learning from reading-while-listening
Investigation of the use of infographics to aid second language vocabulary learning
Exploring the interplay between aptitude, vocabulary learning strategies, and achievement in pre-service language teachers
Measuring Cognitive Load
Exploring the multimedia effect in testing
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Passive and Active Screen Time on Young Children’s Phonological Memory
Working memory training
Language abilities and phonological information processing mediate the association of spelling with bilingualism and socioeconomic status
Human Memory
Working Memory
Phonological memory deficits in language disordered children
Individual differences in working memory and reading
Evaluation of the role of phonological STM in the development of vocabulary in children
Is working memory capacity task dependent?
What one intelligence test measures
Word length and the structure of short-term memory
Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!
A bilingual word-length effect
Acoustic Confusions in Immediate Memory
The role of phonological memory in vocabulary acquisition
Inferential and Memory Skills in Children's Comprehension of Stories
| Unique citing works | 403 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 12,21 |
| Citation span | 1993 - 2026 (34) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 389 |