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The Peculiar Economics of Professional Sports

A Contribution to the Theory of the Firm in Sporting Competition and in Market Competition

Bibliographic Data

ID23375784
AuthorsWalter C Neale (corresponding author)
Year1964
Volume78
Issue1
Pages1
Publication date1964-02-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueThe Quarterly Journal of Economics (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0033-5533 • E-ISSN: 1531-4650
PublisherOxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.2307/1880543
OpenAlexW2263553286
LanguageEN
Citations received75

Louis-Schmelling paradox, 1. — The inverted joint product or the product joint, 2. — League standing effect, 3. — Fourth estate benefit, 3. — Multifirm plants, 5. — Diminishing quality returns, 8. — Input-enthusiasm effect, 8. — Roger Maris cobweb, 12. — Bobby Layne rigidity, 12. — Archie Moore invisibility, 13.

Competition (biology) · Economics · Enthusiasm · Estate · Incentive · Industrial organization · League · Microeconomics · Product market · Rigidity (electromagnetism) · Sports economics · Business Strategy and Innovation · Engineering · Finance · Psychology · Sports Analytics and Performance

  • Value creation in sport business in the age of AI

    Open Access•Hans Westerbeek•Frontiers in Sports and Active…•2026

  • The Sugar Daddy Game

    Markus Lang, Martin Grossmann•Journal of Institutional and…•2011

  • What makes Elite Leagues Professional? (¿Qué hace diferentes a las grandes ligas profesionales?)

    Open Access•Juan Manuel García Manso, Enrique Arriaza Ardiles et al.•Cultura Ciencia y Deporte•2020

  • Competitive balance in European basketball leagues and the NBA

    Open Access•Jorge García‐Unanue, Jorge García-Unanue et al.•Cultura Ciencia y Deporte•2014

  • The middle class and competition

    Christiane Eisenberg•The International Journal of the…•1990

  • The Key Role of Sport Policies for the Popularity of Women’s Sports

    H E Meier, Cosima von Uechtriz•Sociology of Sport Journal•2020

  • Are French Football Fans Sensitive to Outcome Uncertainty

    Open Access•Luc Arrondel, Richard Duhautois•Economie et Statistique /…•2020

  • Four Decades of Household Food Purchases

    Open Access•France Caillavet, Nicole Darmon et al.•Economie et Statistique /…•2020

  • The Links between Saving Rates, Income and Uncertainty

    Open Access•Céline Antonin•Economie et Statistique /…•2020

  • Discrimination in Access to Housing

    Open Access•Julie Le Gallo, Yannick L''Horty et al.•Economie et Statistique /…•2020

  • Judo in the Light of Theory and Sociological Research

    Open Access•Brian Christopher Goodger, John M Goodger•International Review of Sport…•1977

  • Scottish Journal of Political Economy

    Open Access•Peter J Sloane•Scottish Journal of Political…•1971

  • Economics, power and sportsmen

    Braham Dabscheck•Politics•1976

  • Labour Markets in Professional Sports

    Open Access•Sherwin Rosen, Allen R Sanderson et al.•The Economic Journal•2001

  • Performance, revenue, and cross subsidization in the Football League, 1927-1994

    Open Access•Stephen Dobson, John Goddard et al.•The Economic History Review•1998

  • Zur Soziologie des Sports

    Günther Lüschen•Sport Im Blickpunkt der…•1972

  • Sports, Economics of

    Open Access•Dejonghe Trudo•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • Financial Fair Play in European Club Football - What is it All About

    Open Access•E Franck, Egon P Franck•SSRN Electronic Journal•2013

  • The use and abuse of financial regulation in professional team sports

    Open Access•Richard Evans, Nicolas Scelles et al.•International Journal of Sport…•2026

  • Super groups or fair leagues? Rich-get-richer dynamics can drive capture despite active redistribution in professional basketball

    Open Access•Adam Sawyer, Seth Frey•Social Sciences & Humanities Open•2025

  • Consumer Perceptions Matter

    Open Access•J James Reade, Jan C Van Ours•Jahrbucher fur Nationalokonomie…•2024

  • Talent Allocation in European Football Leagues

    Open Access•Pedro Garcia‐del‐Barrio, J James Reade•Jahrbucher fur Nationalokonomie…•2024

  • Streaming demand for eSports

    Open Access•Thadeu Gasparetto, Artemii Safronov•Convergence The International…•2023

  • Does certainty on the winner diminish the interest in sport competitions? The case of formula one

    Open Access•Pedro Garcia‐del‐Barrio, J James Reade•Empirical Economics•2022

  • Ball treten und Dienst leisten

    Rainer Bohn•PROKLA Zeitschrift für kritische…•2025

  • Le football international des femmes est-il moins équilibré et intense que celui des hommes

    Nicolas Scelles•Staps•2024

  • Using data analytics to capture the strategic and financial decision-making of Europe's top football club

    Open Access•Pierluigi Toma, Francesco Campobasso•Technological Forecasting and…•2023

  • Das National League Principle aus wettbewerbsökonomischer Sicht

    Open Access•Frank Daumann, Michael Renz•Sport und Gesellschaft•2021

  • Talent concentration and competitive imbalance in European soccer

    Open Access•Bernd Frick, Tommy Kweku Quansah et al.•Frontiers in Sports and Active…•2023

  • The spillover effect from FDI in the English Premier League

    Andrew Jones, Mark Cook•Soccer and Society•2014

  • Models of football governance and management in international sport

    David Hassan, Sean Hamil•Soccer and Society•2010

  • Exploring the sports economic impact of Covid-19 on professional soccer

    Michael Drewes, Frank Daumann et al.•Soccer and Society•2020

  • Does competitive balance explain stadium attendance? Evidence from Finnish men’s football

    Open Access•Esa Mangeloja, Mihály Szeróvay•Soccer and Society•2024

  • Structure and change in professional football

    Stephen Morrow•Soccer and Society•2013

  • The impact of ‘super clubs’ on uncertainty of outcome in the Uefa women’s champions league

    Open Access•Maurizio Valenti, Nicolas Scelles et al.•Soccer and Society•2023

  • Winners and losers in Danish football

    Rasmus K Storm•Soccer and Society•2011

  • Influence of competitive intensity on stadium attendance. An analysis of the French football Ligue 1 over the period 2009-2019 through a visualization system

    Christopher Hautbois, Frédéric Vernier et al.•Soccer and Society•2021

  • A bibliometric study of the European Super League of football – A new plan or an old threat

    Anthony Macedo, Marta Ferreira Dias et al.•Soccer and Society•2022

  • Intra-match competitive balance and intensity in Uefa men’s national team competitions

    Open Access•Nicolas Scelles•Soccer and Society•2021

  • The governance and regulation of Italian football

    Sean Hamil, Stephen Morrow et al.•Soccer and Society•2010

  • The peculiar economics of english professional football

    Chris Gratton•Soccer and Society•2000

  • Team sports as a free‐market commodity

    Bill Gerrard•New Political Economy•1999

  • The emerging labour market and transformation from state amateurs to professional athletes

    Open Access•Yiyong Liang•Communist and Post-Communist…•2019

  • Not playing the game’

    A J Arnold•The International Journal of the…•1990

  • The opposite of losses

    Holly Swyers•The International Journal of the…•2007

  • Outcome Uncertainty and the Demand for Football

    Open Access•Dominic Peel, David Peel et al.•Scottish Journal of Political…•1988

  • Managerial Objectives

    Open Access•RODNEY FORT•Scottish Journal of Political…•2015

  • A Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Money Injections on Risk Taking in Football Clubs

    Open Access•E Franck, Markus Lang•Scottish Journal of Political…•2014

  • Attendances, Uncertainty of Outcome and Policy in Scottish League Football

    Open Access•NICHOLAS JENNETT•Scottish Journal of Political…•1984

  • Economics of Sport

    Open Access•John Vrooman•Scottish Journal of Political…•2007

  • The Peculiar International Economics of Professional Football in Europe

    Open Access•Stefan Késenne•Scottish Journal of Political…•2007

  • The Economics of Professional Football Revisited

    Open Access•Peter J Sloane•Scottish Journal of Political…•2015

  • Overinvestment in Team Sports Leagues

    Open Access•Helmut Dietl, Helmut M Dietl et al.•Scottish Journal of Political…•2008

  • Équilibre compétitif et contrainte budgétaire dans une ligue de sport professionnel

    Wladimir Andreff•Revue économique•2009

  • Dear IOC”

    Open Access•Dees B W Postma, Robby W van Delden et al.•Frontiers in Sports and Active…•2022

  • The Influence of Domestic Players on the Success in National and International Competitions in Football

    Open Access•Michal Varmus, Pavol Boško et al.•SAGE Open•2025

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  • Public policy toward professional sports stadiums

    Open Access•John Charles Bradbury, Dennis Coates et al.•Journal of Policy Analysis and…•2024

  • Against all odds? Exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty in season ticket holders’ stadium attendance demand

    Open Access•Dominik Schreyer, Sascha L Schmidt et al.•Journal of Economic Psychology•2016

  • How outcome uncertainty, loss aversion and team quality affect stadium attendance in Dutch professional football

    Open Access•Lucas M Besters, Lucas Besters et al.•Journal of Economic Psychology•2019

  • Competitive attractiveness measurement in sports leagues

    Open Access•Marc Dubois•Mathematical Social Sciences•2025

  • Dominance criteria on grids for measuring competitive balance in sports leagues

    Open Access•Marc Dubois•Mathematical Social Sciences•2022

  • A national hockey league franchise

    Ronald L Geddert, R Keith Semple•Leisure Sciences•1987

  • Products, Promotion, and (Possibly) Profits

    Wray Vamplew•Journal of Sport History•2018

  • The Demand for Professional League Football and the Success of Football League Teams

    Open Access•Bruce Walker, Bruce N Walker•Urban Studies•1986

  • Population Migration and Team Loyalty in Professional Sports

    Open Access•Scott Tainsky, Monika Stodolska•Social Science Quarterly•2010

  • Monopsony and competition

    Open Access•John Charles Bradbury•Explorations in Economic History•2017

  • Higher education in Ontario

    Open Access•Charles McMillan, Eric Baxter•Canadian Public Administration•2011

  • Evading labour market regulations to preserve team performance

    Luc Borrowman, Lionel Frost et al.•Business History•2020

  • The contests for power and influence over the regulatory space within the English professional football industry, 1980–2012

    Geoff Walters, Sean Hamil•Business History•2013

  • Football Fan Satisfaction Based on Ticket Price. A Dynamic Hedonic Pricing Model Approach

    Open Access•Daniel Megía Cayuela•Social Science Quarterly•2025

  • Mapping the global football field

    Open Access•R Giulianotti, Roland Robertson•British Journal of Sociology•2012

  • Perimeter-Based Advertising and Fan Characteristics in the NHL and MLB

    Open Access•Monica B Fine, Bomi Kang et al.•American Behavioral Scientist•2025

  • Sport Prosumer Networks

    Open Access•Alexander J Bond, 卢兆明 卢兆明 et al.•American Behavioral Scientist•2023

  • Measuring the Efficiency of Football Clubs Using Data Envelopment Analysis

    Open Access•Isidoro Guzmán-Raja, Manuela Guzmán-Raja•SAGE Open•2021

Unique citing works75
Citations per year1,36
Citation span1971 - 2026 (56)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 59

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