Standard Operating Procedure, Fall 1900–Spring 1901

In the campaign season that lasted from the fall of 1900 to the spring of 1901, the use of torture spread from central Luzon to other areas of the Philippines. On Panay, Major Edwin F. Glenn, a senior officer who reported directly to the divisional commander, refined the use of torture and turned it into a standard operating procedure. Other units used torture only occasionally or not at all. While some officers continued to use beating, slow hanging, and mock executions, the water cure became the most common method of torture, and its use became common knowledge throughout the Philippines. Senior officers must have been aware of its use, but most stopped issuing orders prohibiting torture, and investigations and courts-martial of perpetrators almost ceased. From its beginning as a controversial and inconsistently used practice in early 1900, torture had become a widespread and tacitly accepted practice by the beginning of 1901. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Criminology · Human rights · Officer · Political science · Spring (device) · Torture · Engineering · History · Law · Philippine History and Culture · Psychology

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