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Since gaining independence in the mid-twentieth century, at least twenty African nations have fought bloody civil wars with devastating consequences. Among the worst conflicts were: the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 1998–2004, which has been called the deadliest war since World War II; more than 4 million people died, mostly from disease and famine; the Angolan civil war (1975–2001), at 26 years Africa’s longest civil conflict; the war in Sierra Leone, which was financed by what have come to be called “blood diamonds,” as rebels stole diamonds and sold them to finance the carnage; the Rwandan civil war (1990–1993) in which Hutu peoples murdered hundreds of thousands of Tutsis; the conflict in Sudan, beginning in 2003, in which government-sponsored militias known as the Janjaweed have killed 200,000 people and displaced 2 million in Darfur in eastern Sudan.

African studies and sociopolitical issues · Computer Science · Global Peace and Security Dynamics · Political Conflict and Governance

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