Mounir Farah
Biographic Data
| ID | 5798108 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mounir Farah |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mounir |
| FAMILY NAME | Farah |
| SIGNATURE | FARAH M |
| AFFILIATIONS | California State University System |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 27 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
P-R
The “all-African” movement based on the concept that all African people, whether living on the continent or not, share common goals and bonds. Chief among those goals are the idea of self-determination for African people and an end to racism in all forms.
A
An organization of fifty-three African nations formed in 2002 with the goal of fostering political and economic cooperation among African nations, officially replacing the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and loosely based on the European Union (EU). Eventually, the African Union (AU) hopes to implement a common currency, a common economic market, and a greater degree of political unity. Also proposed are a central bank, a court of justice, an…
E–m
Most of the economic activity in the Middle East prior to the twentieth century was based on local subsistence and cross-continental trade. The Middle East is a corridor through which goods, ideas, and even populations can pass between Europe, Asia, and Africa. As a result, control of the area has been hotly contested by Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Persians, Arabs, Mongols, Turks, and, most recently, European states.
L-N
More than 2,000 different languages are spoken in Africa, including both native languages and languages brought into Africa by conquerors and colonizers. Africa is the most linguistically diverse continent on Earth.
N–r
Political and social movements aimed at establishing sovereign states. Nationalism is a social or political orientation that takes the nation as the primary unit of cultural identity. Along with European models of education, economic systems, and military organization, nationalism was perceived as a means to prevent foreign powers from establishing yet another empire in Southwest Asia in the twentieth century.
D-L
Democracy is a form of government in which citizens or their elected representatives directly run the affairs of state. Democracies in Europe share such features as universal suffrage (the right to vote for all qualified citizens), competition for office among political candidates, and freedom of expression and assembly. Democratic ideals appeared in modern form in the philosophies of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. Since the French Revolut…
D-E
See Refugees; Sudan.
G–o
Ill-fated attempt by Chinese leader Mao Zedong to jump-start his nation’s industrial production during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The poorly conceived and hastily executed program proved an economic and social disaster, leaving in its wake economic depression and famine that claimed the lives of millions of Chinese.
S-Z
Arab kingdom occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula and the world’s leading exporter of petroleum. The House of Saud has ruled parts of this area intermittently for centuries, but a united kingdom was not established until 1932. Since then, it has experienced both dizzying economic prosperity and increasing tensions between religious conservatives and the royal family’s efforts to modernize the country.
D–g
Form of government characterized by free elections, the political equality of all citizens, due process of law, and majority rule. Modern democracies owe much to the founders of the United States, who formulated many of the defining features of democracy and established a model of democratic government that has been widely emulated. Some form of democracy governs most nations of the Americas today.
A-C
A system of government in which supreme political authority rests in the hands of a central figure, historically a monarch. Absolutism developed as the leading force in European political history after the Reformation of the sixteenth century undermined the influence of the Catholic Church over the political affairs of Christian rulers. Without the Church to challenge their power, secular leaders centralized their authority and enlarged their arm…
T-U
While ancient Africa was home to many important inventions (scientists believe that the very first tools used by humans were made in Africa 70,000 years ago, for example), a number of factors has left modern Africa far behind other parts of the world in technological and scientific development. In many ways, Africa has been the victim of modern Western technology.
A–e
The original or native inhabitants of a region, also known as indigenous peoples, who have historically faced enormous legal, social, and cultural pressures from other groups migrating into Asia and the Pacific. The societies of later settlers have tended to heavily limit or modify the lifestyles of aboriginal peoples, often restricting their traditional practices, forcibly relocating families or tribes, or attempting to absorb them into the majo…
P–t
Nation that occupies a critical zone between South Asia, the Middle East, and Central Asia and is home to the world’s second-largest Muslim population. Pakistan’s modern history has been influenced greatly by political and religious conflicts with India stemming from Pakistan’s separation from the independent Indian state in 1947.
M–z
See Communism.
V–w
Southeast Asian nation that became the focus of struggles between Communist and anti-Communist forces in Asia during the twentieth century. Formerly the core region in the colonial territory of French Indochina, Vietnam fought a war for independence beginning in 1945 that developed into the Vietnam War, an international struggle involving the United States. The war ended only with the collapse of South Vietnamese resistance and unification under …
O–z
See Government.
C
Since gaining independence in the mid-twentieth century, at least twenty African nations have fought bloody civil wars with devastating consequences. Among the worst conflicts were: the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 1998–2004, which has been called the deadliest war since World War II; more than 4 million people died, mostly from disease and famine; the Angolan civil war (1975–2001), at 26 years Africa’s longest civil c…
F-I
See Culture and Traditions.
H–n
Caribbean country that occupies the western third of the island of Hispaniola as well as several smaller islands. Haiti is 10,700 square miles (27,700 sq km) in area and home to approximately 8.8 million people, all of whom speak Haitian Creole (or Kreyol ) or French. Most Haitians trace their ancestry to African slaves imported by France in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
B
A war between the British and Dutch settlers known as Boers (a Dutch word that means farmer ), in southern Africa fought over who would control the territory now known as South Africa. The Boer War began in 1899 and ended in 1902, resulting in a British victory, but not before the Boers had inflicted many causalities on the more numerous and better armed British.
S
From the sixteenth through most of the nineteenth centuries, some 12 to 15 million human beings were forcibly taken from their homes in West Africa and transported to the Caribbean and the Americas to work on plantations. From the ninth through the early twentieth centuries, Muslim slave traders took almost as many East Africans to parts of the Middle East, where they worked on clove plantations or as pearl divers, served in the army, or were use…
A-C
Line of caliphs ruling the Islamic Empire from 750 to 1258. Named for their ancestor Abbas, Muhammad’s paternal uncle, the largely Sunni Abbasids moved the seat of Islamic power from Damascus to Kufah, and later to Baghdad in 762. This shift was fateful for several reasons: it stripped power from the Arab-dominated Umayyads, reorganized trade routes within the empire, and greatly increased the Persian influence at court.
A–c
Agriculture in the Americas comprises an enormously diverse set of practices and crops, especially in tropical regions. Several native plants—tobacco, maize, tomatoes, potatoes, and cocoa (cacao) among them—have revolutionized not only world cuisine but also social and economic relations. On the other hand, imported crops such as sugarcane and coffee played pivotal roles in the history of the Americas, shaping whole economies and cultures. Today,…
The Modern World
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P-R
The “all-African” movement based on the concept that all African people, whether living on the continent or not, share common goals and bonds. Chief among those goals are the idea of self-determination for African people and an end to racism in all forms.
A
An organization of fifty-three African nations formed in 2002 with the goal of fostering political and economic cooperation among African nations, officially replacing the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and loosely based on the European Union (EU). Eventually, the African Union (AU) hopes to implement a common currency, a common economic market, and a greater degree of political unity. Also proposed are a central bank, a court of justice, an…
E–m
Most of the economic activity in the Middle East prior to the twentieth century was based on local subsistence and cross-continental trade. The Middle East is a corridor through which goods, ideas, and even populations can pass between Europe, Asia, and Africa. As a result, control of the area has been hotly contested by Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Persians, Arabs, Mongols, Turks, and, most recently, European states.
L-N
More than 2,000 different languages are spoken in Africa, including both native languages and languages brought into Africa by conquerors and colonizers. Africa is the most linguistically diverse continent on Earth.
N–r
Political and social movements aimed at establishing sovereign states. Nationalism is a social or political orientation that takes the nation as the primary unit of cultural identity. Along with European models of education, economic systems, and military organization, nationalism was perceived as a means to prevent foreign powers from establishing yet another empire in Southwest Asia in the twentieth century.
D-L
Democracy is a form of government in which citizens or their elected representatives directly run the affairs of state. Democracies in Europe share such features as universal suffrage (the right to vote for all qualified citizens), competition for office among political candidates, and freedom of expression and assembly. Democratic ideals appeared in modern form in the philosophies of the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. Since the French Revolut…
D-E
See Refugees; Sudan.
G–o
Ill-fated attempt by Chinese leader Mao Zedong to jump-start his nation’s industrial production during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The poorly conceived and hastily executed program proved an economic and social disaster, leaving in its wake economic depression and famine that claimed the lives of millions of Chinese.
S-Z
Arab kingdom occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula and the world’s leading exporter of petroleum. The House of Saud has ruled parts of this area intermittently for centuries, but a united kingdom was not established until 1932. Since then, it has experienced both dizzying economic prosperity and increasing tensions between religious conservatives and the royal family’s efforts to modernize the country.
D–g
Form of government characterized by free elections, the political equality of all citizens, due process of law, and majority rule. Modern democracies owe much to the founders of the United States, who formulated many of the defining features of democracy and established a model of democratic government that has been widely emulated. Some form of democracy governs most nations of the Americas today.
A-C
A system of government in which supreme political authority rests in the hands of a central figure, historically a monarch. Absolutism developed as the leading force in European political history after the Reformation of the sixteenth century undermined the influence of the Catholic Church over the political affairs of Christian rulers. Without the Church to challenge their power, secular leaders centralized their authority and enlarged their arm…
T-U
While ancient Africa was home to many important inventions (scientists believe that the very first tools used by humans were made in Africa 70,000 years ago, for example), a number of factors has left modern Africa far behind other parts of the world in technological and scientific development. In many ways, Africa has been the victim of modern Western technology.
A–e
The original or native inhabitants of a region, also known as indigenous peoples, who have historically faced enormous legal, social, and cultural pressures from other groups migrating into Asia and the Pacific. The societies of later settlers have tended to heavily limit or modify the lifestyles of aboriginal peoples, often restricting their traditional practices, forcibly relocating families or tribes, or attempting to absorb them into the majo…
P–t
Nation that occupies a critical zone between South Asia, the Middle East, and Central Asia and is home to the world’s second-largest Muslim population. Pakistan’s modern history has been influenced greatly by political and religious conflicts with India stemming from Pakistan’s separation from the independent Indian state in 1947.
M–z
See Communism.
V–w
Southeast Asian nation that became the focus of struggles between Communist and anti-Communist forces in Asia during the twentieth century. Formerly the core region in the colonial territory of French Indochina, Vietnam fought a war for independence beginning in 1945 that developed into the Vietnam War, an international struggle involving the United States. The war ended only with the collapse of South Vietnamese resistance and unification under …
O–z
See Government.
C
Since gaining independence in the mid-twentieth century, at least twenty African nations have fought bloody civil wars with devastating consequences. Among the worst conflicts were: the civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 1998–2004, which has been called the deadliest war since World War II; more than 4 million people died, mostly from disease and famine; the Angolan civil war (1975–2001), at 26 years Africa’s longest civil c…
F-I
See Culture and Traditions.
H–n
Caribbean country that occupies the western third of the island of Hispaniola as well as several smaller islands. Haiti is 10,700 square miles (27,700 sq km) in area and home to approximately 8.8 million people, all of whom speak Haitian Creole (or Kreyol ) or French. Most Haitians trace their ancestry to African slaves imported by France in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
B
A war between the British and Dutch settlers known as Boers (a Dutch word that means farmer ), in southern Africa fought over who would control the territory now known as South Africa. The Boer War began in 1899 and ended in 1902, resulting in a British victory, but not before the Boers had inflicted many causalities on the more numerous and better armed British.
S
From the sixteenth through most of the nineteenth centuries, some 12 to 15 million human beings were forcibly taken from their homes in West Africa and transported to the Caribbean and the Americas to work on plantations. From the ninth through the early twentieth centuries, Muslim slave traders took almost as many East Africans to parts of the Middle East, where they worked on clove plantations or as pearl divers, served in the army, or were use…
A-C
Line of caliphs ruling the Islamic Empire from 750 to 1258. Named for their ancestor Abbas, Muhammad’s paternal uncle, the largely Sunni Abbasids moved the seat of Islamic power from Damascus to Kufah, and later to Baghdad in 762. This shift was fateful for several reasons: it stripped power from the Arab-dominated Umayyads, reorganized trade routes within the empire, and greatly increased the Persian influence at court.
Computer Science (18 works) · Philosophy (4 works) · Global Peace and Security Dynamics (3 works) · Materials Science (3 works) · Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography (2 works) · Colonialism, slavery, and trade (2 works) · Global Maritime and Colonial Histories (2 works) · Islamic Studies and History (2 works) · Psychology (2 works) · Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies (2 works)