Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Empowered in Business or Penalised in Marriage

Experiences of Single Female Entrepreneurs in China

Bibliographic Data

ID2374536
AuthorsJing Song (0000-0003-3009-9075, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, corresponding author), Lulu Li (0000-0003-2075-7548, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China)
Year2023
Volume37
Issue1
Pages3-19
Publication date2023-02-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueWork Employment and Society (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0950-0170 • E-ISSN: 1469-8722
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/09500170211028737
OpenAlexW3194111738
LanguageEN
Citations received12
References cited40

In China, entrepreneurship remains a non-traditional career for women, but little is known about how young single women may opt for entrepreneurship against the social penalty. This study focuses on single female entrepreneurs and finds them being stigmatised as doing inappropriate jobs and (consequently) staying single. The interviewees responded differently, by (1) coordinating their career and family formation plans to make them compatible, (2) justifying their being single based on their entrepreneurial achievements and (3) compensating for their deviance and using their economic capability to fulfil other family roles. In contrast to the 'androcentric' business model based on carefree agents, female entrepreneurs illustrate different forms of agency to accommodate career aspirations and family duties. Given China's market-oriented reforms, persisting gender beliefs and the socialist legacy, this study illustrates women's fluid and interactive agency in response to the gendered penalty in non-traditional careers

Agency (philosophy · China · Chinese family · Deviance (statistics · Entrepreneurship · Female entrepreneurs · Political science · Social science · Sociology · Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences · Family Business Performance and Succession · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Law

  • “I became a lioness, before I was like a sheep”

    Open Access•Mélanie Surchat, Bianca Clément et al.•Development in Practice•2026

  • Gendering Transnational Business Spaces

    Anqi Yan•Canberra Anthropology•2023

  • Femininity penalties and rewards

    Open Access•Lulu Li•Gender in Management An…•2024

  • The influence mechanism of women’s entrepreneurial self-identity on entrepreneurial well-being

    Open Access•Y J Lan, Yongdong Shi et al.•Gender in Management An…•2024

  • Online business

    Open Access•Lin Tang, Jing Song•Gender in Management An…•2024

  • Embracing a rubber rice bowl

    Open Access•Jing Song•Gender in Management An…•2024

  • Crafting gender into meaningful work

    Open Access•Ling Han•Gender in Management An…•2024

  • Doing business against gendered stigma

    Open Access•Siyuan Zhou, Jing Song•Gender in Management An…•2024

  • Moving Away, Moving Up, and Moving Back

    Open Access•Jing Song, Stevi Jackson•American Behavioral Scientist•2024

  • Downward Geographical Mobility and Upward Social Mobility

    Open Access•Lulu Li, Jing Song•American Behavioral Scientist•2024

  • China and the Internationalisation of the Sociology of Contemporary Work and Employment

    Open Access•E Kofman, Maggy Lee et al.•Work Employment and Society•2023

  • Mastering political time

    Open Access•Yujie Zhang•Current Sociology•2025

  • Global Women’s Entrepreneurship Research

    Karen D Hughes, Jennifer E Jennings•Global Women’s Entrepreneurship…•2012

  • Anxious Wealth

    J Osburg•Anxious Wealth: Money and…•2020

  • A Treatise on the Family

    Gary S Becker•Treatise on the Family•1991

  • China's E-Commerce

    Open Access•Haiqing Yu, Lili Cui•The China Quarterly•2019

  • Other Modernities

    Lisa Rofel•Other Modernities•1999

  • Paradise Redefined

    Vanessa Fong, Vanessa L Fong•Paradise Redefined•2011

  • Only Hope

    Vanessa L Fong•Only Hope•2004

  • Leftover Women

    Leta Hong Fincher•Leftover Women•2014

  • Little Emperors and Material Girls

    Jemimah Steinfeld•Little Emperors and Material Girls•2015

  • Women’s Entry into Self-employment in Urban China

    Open Access•Q F Zhang, Zi Pan•World Development•2011

  • The Intersection between Gender, the Family and Self-employment

    Floya Anthias, Nishi Mehta•International Review of Sociology•2003

  • Gender differences in entrepreneurship

    Open Access•Ayala Malach Pines, Miri Lerner et al.•Equal Opportunities International•2010

  • Doing Gender, Doing Entrepreneurship

    Open Access•Attila Bruni, Silvia Gherardi et al.•Gender Work and Organization•2004

  • The Gender of Communication

    Open Access•Harriet Evans•The China Quarterly•2010

  • Women's business

    Eileen Green, Laurie Cohen•Journal of Gender Studies•1995

  • Male/Female Earnings Differences in Self-Employment

    Open Access•Greg Hundley•Industrial and Labor Relations…•2000

  • Communist Cadres and Market Opportunities

    Xiaogang Wu•Social Forces•2006

  • Fairy Brides from Heaven

    Jing Song, Nancy Luke•Journal of Comparative Family…•2014

  • Girl Power

    Open Access•Y Yan•Ethnology•2006

  • The Value of Self-Employment to Ethnic Minorities

    Open Access•M Brynin, Mohammed Shamsul Karim et al.•Work Employment and Society•2019

  • Being a Self-Employed Older Woman

    Open Access•Elina Meliou, Oliver Mallett et al.•Work Employment and Society•2019

  • His or her work-life balance? Experiences of self-employed immigrant parents

    Open Access•Mai Camilla Munkejord•Work Employment and Society•2017

  • Gendered work-family conflict in Germany

    Open Access•Stefanie König, Beate Cesinger•Work Employment and Society•2015

  • Work, Employment and Society, 1997-2007

    Open Access•Helen Rainbird, Michael Rose•Work Employment and Society•2008

  • Employment and work conditions in home-based enterprises in four developing countries

    Open Access•Graham Tipple•Work Employment and Society•2006

  • Heterogeneity in Contemporary Chinese Marriage

    Open Access•Yingchun Ji, W J J Yeung et al.•Journal of Family Issues•2014

  • Marriage in Asia

    Open Access•Gavin W Jones, W J J Yeung et al.•Journal of Family Issues•2014

  • Marriage and Family in East Asia

    James M Raymo, H Park et al.•Annual Review of Sociology•2015

  • Between Tradition and Modernity

    Open Access•Yingchun Ji•Journal of Marriage and the Family•2015

  • China's New Rural Daughters Coming of Age

    Hong Zhang•Signs: Journal of Women in…•2007

  • Understanding Sheng Nu ('Leftover Women)

    Open Access•Sandy To•Symbolic Interaction•2013

Unique citing works12
Citations per year4
Citation span2023 - 2026 (4)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 12

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae