Male/Female Earnings Differences in Self-Employment
The Effects of Marriage, Children, and the Household Division of Labor
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3579137 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Greg Hundley (corresponding author) |
| Year | 2000 |
| Volume | 54 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 95-114 |
| Publication date | 2000-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Industrial and Labor Relations Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0019-7939 • E-ISSN: 2162-271X |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/001979390005400106 |
| OpenAlex | W1982842959 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 95 |
| References cited | 38 |
Data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to investigate reasons for the gender earnings gap among the self-employed. Compared to organizational employment, self-employment may allow workers freer adjustment of work effort in response to changing needs for market work income and household production. Consistent with that hypothesis, the analysis shows that self-employed women's earnings declined with marriage, family size, and hours of housework, whereas self-employed men's earnings increased with marriage and family size. Organizationally employed workers' earnings exhibited a similar but less pronounced pattern, suggesting that in the self-employment sector the structure of female/male relative earnings was more sensitive to family size and composition. Self-employed women and men specialized more intensively in housework and market work, respectively. Women apparently tended to choose self-employment to facilitate household production, and men to achieve higher earnings
Demographic economics · Division of labour · Earnings · Economics · Entrepreneurship · Family income · Labour economics · Male female · Panel Study of Income Dynamics · Production (economics) · Self-employment · Work (physics) · Digital Economy and Work Transformation · Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy · Psychology
Paying the toll
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Only the lonely? The influence of the spouse on the transition to self-employment
Female self-employment and children
Self-employment and the paradox of the contented female worker
Racial differences in self-employment exits
Food Security, Gender, and Occupational Choice among Urban Low-Income Households
The effect of in-office waiting time on physician visit frequency among working-age adults
Assessing the Horatio Alger myth
Are motherhood penalties and fatherhood bonuses warranted? Comparing pro-work behaviors and conditions of mothers, fathers, and non-parents
Economic grounds for affirmative action
International Migration And Gender Differentials In The Home Labor Market
Decomposition of gender differentials in agricultural productivity in Ethiopia
Gender and entrepreneurship
Postfeminism, Femininities and Organization Studies
Le passage au travail autonome
Marriage and Earnings
Local entrepreneurship clusters in cities
Woman’s entrepreneurship as a gendered niche
Self-employed and Employed Mothers in Latin American Families
Does Having More Children Affect Women’s Informal Employment Choices? Evidence from China
The Impact of the Pandemic on Parents’ Entry into and Exit from Self-Employment in the United States
How gender, marital status, and gender norms affect savings goals
The returns to occupations
Occupational Overwork and the Transition to Self-Employment
Gender inequalities during a global pandemic
Gender, family and business
Chore or choice? Women and ethnic food entrepreneurship in the city
Working from home and the gender gap in earnings for self-employed US Millennials
Femininity penalties and rewards
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Time Availability
Skin Tone and Self-Employment
Ethnic enclaves and self-employment among Middle Eastern immigrants in Sweden
The kids are alright
Labour Force Participation among Mena Women in the United States
Women’s Participation in Self-Employment in Western Industrialized Nations
Female self-employment
How does motherhood affect self-employment performance
Grit and self-employment
Gender differences in entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship
Where are all the self-employed women? Push and pull factors influencing female labor market decisions
Becoming self-employed from inactivity
Gender differences in business performance
Time to share the load
Instant gratification
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Explaining Racial/Ethnic Variation in Partnered Women’s and Men’s Housework
Self-employment and Conflict in Colombia
Measuring Economic Discrimination of Hispanic-Owned Architecture and Engineering Firms in South Florida
Pay and Productivity Differences between Male and Female Veterinarians
The Male Marital Wage Premium
Membership Has its Privileges? Contracting and Access to Jobs That Accommodate Work-Life Needs
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A Vicious Oval
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Gendered Paths
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Wage Discrimination
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Leisure, Home Production, and Work--the Theory of the Allocation of Time Revisited
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Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment
The second shift
Gender, Domestic Labor Time, and Wage Inequality
Male-Female Differences in Hourly Wages
Self-Employment
On the Evidence of a Working Spouse Penalty in the Managerial Labor Market
Two Paths to Self-Employment
The Changing Nature of Professional Control
| Unique citing works | 75 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,8 |
| Citation span | 2001 - 2025 (25) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 84 |